The course treats the following topics: - Relevant physical oceanography - Elements of marine geology (seafloor topography, acoustical properties of sediments and rocks) - Underwater sound propagation (ray acoustics, ocean noise) - Interaction of sound with the seafloor (reflection, scattering) - Principles of sonar (beamforming) - Underwater acoustic mapping systems (single beam echo sounding, multi-beam echo sounding, sidescan sonar) - Data analysis (refraction corrections, digital terrain modelling) - Applications (hydrographic survey planning and navigation, coastal engineering) - Current and future developments.

This book began as lecture notes for an Oregon State University course in fluid mechanics, designed for beginning graduate students in physical oceanography. Because of its fundamental nature, this course is often taken by students outside physical oceanography, e.g., atmospheric science, civil engineering, physics and mathematics.
In later courses, the student will discover esoteric fluid phenomena such as internal waves that propagate through the sky, water phase changes that govern clouds, and planetary rotation effects that control large-scale winds and ocean currents. In contrast, this course concerns phenomena that we have all been familiar with since childhood: flows you see in sinks and bathtubs, in rivers, and at the beach. In this context, we develop the mathematical techniques and scientific reasoning skills needed for higher-level courses and professional research. Prerequisites are few: basic linear algebra, differential and integral calculus and Newton’s laws of motion. As we go along we discover the need for the more advanced tools of tensor analysis.

This graduate course will introduce students to the processes controlling phytoplankton, zooplankton, heterotrophic bacterial and benthic infaunal growth and abundance. We'll do a broad-scale survey of patterns of productivity and abundance in the coastal zones, upwelling centers, gyres, and the deep sea. We'll briefly survey ecosystem simulation models, especially those applicable to the Gulf of Maine. Readings will be from the primary literature and a few book chapters. The effects of anthropogenic effects on marine communities will be stressed throughout. Calculus will be used throughout the course, but there is no formal calculus requirement.

Has your attention recently been caught by news of coastal catastrophes such as hurricanes and tsunamis? Do you wonder why so many coastal communities in the world are vulnerable to flooding and other coastal hazards? Have you considered what coastal flood protections cities like Houston and Miami will need in the future to protect their residents? This course will provide a better understanding of these phenomena. We present a global perspective of coastal landscapes, the geologic processes responsible for their formation, and ways that society responds to hazards like sea level rise and catastrophic weather events. You will participate in active learning exercises such as analyzing real-world datasets and applying critical thinking to real-world societal problems while investigating a coastal community.

Wave equations for fluid and visco-elastic media. Wave-theory formulations of acoustic source radiation and seismo-acoustic propagation in stratified ocean waveguides. Wavenumber Integration and Normal Mode methods for propagation in plane-stratified media. Seismo-Acoustic modeling of seabeds and ice covers. Seismic interface and surface waves in a stratified seabed. Parabolic Equation and Coupled Mode approaches to propagation in range-dependent ocean waveguides. Numerical modeling of target scattering and reverberation clutter in ocean waveguides. Ocean ambient noise modeling. Students develop propagation models using all the numerical approaches relevant to state-of-the-art acoustic research.

Think science has all the answers? Think again. This course will use real, authentic data to explore and investigate modern controversies in Earth Sciences. Use tide gauge records to understand how countries around the world attempt to protect themselves from tsunami events. Process seismic data to predict earthquake recurrence in the New Madrid seismic zone, right here in the breadbasket of the US. Sort through the millions of years of the geologic timeline to shed some light on what actually did, and did not, kill the dinosaurs. Finally, use global atmospheric data to understand how misrepresentation of data can be used to paint a distorted view of past, present, and future climate.

Our planet is becoming hot. In fact, Earth may be warming faster than ever before. This warming will challenge society throughout the 21st century. How do we cope with rising seas? How will we prepare for more intense hurricanes? How will we adapt to debilitating droughts and heat waves? Scientists are striving to improve predictions of how the environment will change and how it will impact humans. Earth in the Future: Predicting Climate Change and Its Impacts Over the Next Century is designed to provide the state of the art of climate science, the impact of warming on humans, as well as ways we can adapt. Every student will understand the challenges and opportunities of living in the 21st century.

The year is 2050 and your once-idyllic beachfront vacation home is now flooded up to the second story. The crab your family has enjoyed every Christmas for as long as you can remember has now become an endangered species. The oceans have changed. In Earth 540, Oceanography for Educators, we explore the mechanisms that lead to sea level rise and ocean acidification. We strive to understand how natural processes such as ocean currents, the gulf-stream, tides, plate tectonics, and the Coriolis Effect, affect our oceans and ocean basins. We then predict how man-made issues such as climate change and overfishing will affect our beloved waters and our livelihoods. Want to see into the future? Then this course is for you!

Evolution of Physical Oceanography was created to mark the career of Henry M. Stommel, the leading physical oceanographer of the 20th Century and a longtime MIT faculty member. The authors of the different chapters were asked to describe the evolution of their subject over the history of physical oceanography, and to provide a survey of the state-of-the-art of their subject as of 1980. Many of the chapters in this textbook are still up-to-date descriptions of active scientific fields, and all of them are important historical records. This textbook is made available courtesy of The MIT Press.

This text prepares students by laying a solid foundation in the application of physical, chemical, and mathematical principles to a broad range of atmospheric phenomena. It gives non-Meteorology students a comprehensive understanding of atmospheric science and quantitative analytical tools to apply atmospheric science to their own disciplines. Students are introduced to fundamental concepts and applications of atmospheric thermodynamics, radiative transfer, atmospheric chemistry, cloud microphysics, atmospheric dynamics, and the atmospheric boundary layer. These topics are covered broadly but in enough depth to introduce students to the methods atmospheric scientists use to describe and predict atmospheric phenomena.

This course is an introduction to the fundamental aspects of science and engineering necessary for exploring, observing, and utilizing the oceans. Hands-on projects focus on instrumentation in the marine environment and the design of ocean observatories for ocean monitoring and exploration. Topics include acoustics, sound speed and refraction, sounds generated by ships and marine animals, sonar systems and their principles of operation, hydrostatic behavior of floating and submerged bodies geared towards ocean vehicle design, stability of ocean vessels, and the application of instrumentation and electronics in the marine environment. Students work with sensor systems and deploy them in the field to gather and analyze real world data.

Introduction to Oceanography is a textbook appropriate to an introductory-level university course in oceanography. The book covers the fundamental geological, chemical, physical and biological processes in the ocean, with an emphasis on the North Atlantic region.

Introduction to Oceanography is a textbook appropriate to an introductory-level university course in oceanography. The book covers the fundamental geological, chemical, physical and biological processes in the ocean, with an emphasis on the North Atlantic region.

Chapter 1: Introduction to the Oceans
1.1 Overview of the Oceans
1.2 Continental Margins
1.3 Marine Provinces
1.4 Mapping the Seafloor
Chapter 2: Getting our Bearings
2.1 Latitude and Longitude
2.2 Measuring Speed
2.3 Map Projections
Chapter 3: The Origin and Structure of Earth
3.1 Origin of Earth and the Solar System
3.2 Structure of Earth
3.3 Determining the Structure of Earth
Chapter 4: Plate Tectonics and Marine Geology
4.1 Alfred Wegener and the Theory of Plate Tectonics
4.2 Paleomagnetic Evidence for Plate Tectonics
4.3 Mechanisms for Plate Motion
4.4 Plates and Plate Motions
4.5 Divergent Plate Boundaries
4.6 Convergent Plate Boundaries
4.7 Transform Plate Boundaries
4.8 Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics
4.9 Seamounts and Hot Spots
4.10 Coral Reefs
4.11 Hydrothermal Vents
Chapter 5: Chemical Oceanography
5.1 Properties of Water
5.2 Origin of the Oceans
5.3 Salinity Patterns
5.4 Dissolved Gases: Oxygen
5.5 Dissolved Gases: Carbon Dioxide, pH, and Ocean Acidification
5.6 Nitrogen and Nutrients
5.7 Classifying Elements in Seawater
Chapter 6: Physical Oceanography
6.1 Pressure
6.2 Temperature
6.3 Density
6.4 Sound
6.5 Light
Chapter 7: Primary Production
7.1 Primary Production
7.2 The Producers
7.3 Factors Influencing Production
7.4 Patterns of Primary Production
Chapter 8: Oceans and Climate
8.1 Earth’s Heat Budget
8.2 Winds and the Coriolis Effect
8.3 Winds and Climate
8.4 Hurricanes
8.5 Climate Change
Chapter 9: Ocean Circulation
9.1 Surface Gyres
9.2 The Gulf Stream
9.3 The Ekman Spiral and Geostrophic Flow
9.4 Western Intensification
9.5 Currents, Upwelling and Downwelling
9.6 El Niño and La Niña
9.7 Langmuir Circulation
9.8 Thermohaline Circulation
Chapter 10: Waves
10.1 Wave Basics
10.2 Waves at Sea
10.3 Waves on the Shore
10.4 Tsunamis
Chapter 11: Tides
11.1 Tidal Forces
11.2 Dynamic Theory of Tides
11.3 Tide Classification
Chapter 12: Ocean Sediments
12.1 Classifying Sediments
12.2 Lithogenous Sediments
12.3 Biogenous Sediments
12.4 Hydrogenous Sediments
12.5 Cosmogenous Sediments
12.6 Sediment Distribution
Chapter 13: Coastal Oceanography
13.1 Beaches
13.2 Longshore Transport
13.3 Landforms of Coastal Erosion
13.4 Landforms of Coastal Deposition
13.5 Human Interference with Shorelines
13.6 Estuaries
13.7 Sea Level Change
Chapter 14: Ice
14.1 Types of Ice
14.2 Icebergs
14.3 Ice and Climate Change

Planet Earth’s ocean covers over seventy percent of its surface, yet oceanographic research has only recently come to its full potential with the advent of new technologies. This course in Introductory Oceanography emphasizes the need to understand geologic, chemical, physical, and biologic processes or features that occur in ocean environments. It is designed to be thorough enough to prepare you for more advance work, while presenting the concepts to non-majors in a way that is meaningful and not overwhelming.Login: guest_oclPassword: ocl

This book is written for upper-division undergraduates and new graduate students in meteorology, ocean engineering, and oceanography. After reading this book, it expected that students will be able to describe physical processes influencing the ocean and coastal regions: the interaction of the ocean with the atmosphere, and the distribution of oceanic winds, currents, heat fluxes, and water masses.

Table of Contents
1 A Voyage of Discovery
2 The Historical Setting
3 The Physical Setting
4 Atmospheric Influences
5 The Oceanic Heat Budget
6 Temperature, Salinity, and Density
7 The Equations of Motion
8 Equations of Motion With Viscosity
9 Response of the Upper Ocean to Winds
10 Geostrophic Currents
11 Wind Driven Ocean Circulation
12 Vorticity in the Ocean
13 Deep Circulation in the Ocean
14 Equatorial Processes
15 Numerical Models
16 Ocean Waves
17 Coastal Processes and Tides

This book is written for upper-division undergraduates and new graduate students in meteorology, ocean engineering, and oceanography. After reading this book, it expected that students will be able to describe physical processes influencing the ocean and coastal regions: the interaction of the ocean with the atmosphere, and the distribution of oceanic winds, currents, heat fluxes, and water masses.

Oceanography will present the ocean in an historical and geographical context.We will examine physical and exploration ocean science in a holistic manner. Origins and evolution of the oceans will be examined scientifically, philosophically and historically. We will integrate spatial and temporal aspects of marine environments.

Maneuvering motions of surface and underwater vehicles. Derivation of equations of motion, hydrodynamic coefficients. Memory effects. Linear and nonlinear forms of the equations of motion. Control surfaces modeling and design. Engine, propulsor, and transmission systems modeling and simulation during maneuvering. Stability of motion. Principles of multivariable automatic control. Optimal control, Kalman filtering, loop transfer recovery. Term project: applications chosen from autopilots for surface vehicles; towing in open seas; remotely operated vehicles.

This course is an introduction to the aspects of marine geology and oceanography that affect the environment and marine resources. Service-learning is an essential component of how students learn about the earth. We deliver part of the content of this course by arranging for students to solve a problem with a local community partner.

Provides an understanding of the distribution of organic carbon (OC) in marine sediments from a global and molecular-level perspective. Surveys the mineralization and preservation of OC in the water column and within anoxic and oxic marine sediments. Topics include: OC composition, reactivity and budgets within, and fluxes through, major reservoirs; microbial recycling pathways for OC; models for OC degradation and preservation; role of anoxia in OC burial; relationships between dissolved and particulate (sinking and suspended) OC; methods for characterization of sedimentary organic matter; application of biological markers as tools in oceanography. Both structural and isotopic aspects are covered.