Career Cornerstones: Establishing a Foundation for a Career in Healthcare is an Open Educational Resource (OER) that focuses on career skills required for students entering their respective health profession's program. This book is designed to help students be successful not only in their health profession's educational program, but also as they start to intern or work in healthcare settings. This resource is targeted for Healthcare Administration, Health Sciences, and Pre-Professional students.

Written nursing care plans ensure that the nurse responsible for patient care at any time during the animal's stay in the practice is confident to manage and treat the patient, to talk to the owners and give accurate updates on their animal's care, and to feel that the best possible care has been given to the animal at all times. Care plans require skill to write and this is something that improves with practise.

Cell Biology, Genetics, and Biochemistry for Pre-Clinical Students (2021) is an undergraduate medical-level resource for foundational knowledge across the disciplines of genetics, cell biology and biochemistry. This USMLE-aligned text is designed for a first-year undergraduate medical course that is delivered typically before students start to explore systems physiology and pathophysiology. The text is meant to provide the essential information from these content areas in a concise format that would allow learner preparation to engage in an active classroom. Clinical correlates and additional application of content is intended to be provided in the classroom experience. The text assumes that the students will have completed medical school prerequisites (including the MCAT) in which they will have been introduced to the most fundamental concepts of biology and chemistry that are essential to understand the content presented here. This resource should be assistive to the learner later in medical school and for exam preparation given the material is presented in a succinct manner, with a focus on high-yield concepts.

The 276-page text was created specifically for use by pre-clinical students at Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and was based on faculty experience and peer review to guide development and hone important topics.

Available Formats
978-1-949373-42-4 (PDF)
978-1-949373-43-1 (ePub) [coming soon]
978-1-949373-41-7 (Pressbooks) https://pressbooks.lib.vt.edu/cellbio
Also available via LibreTexts: https://med.libretexts.org/@go/page/37584

How to Adopt this Book
Instructors reviewing, adopting, or adapting parts or the whole of the text are requested to register their interest at: https://bit.ly/interest-preclinical.

Instructors and subject matter experts interested in and sharing their original course materials relevant to pre-clinical education are requested to join the instructor portal at https://www.oercommons.org/groups/pre-clinical-resources/10133.

Features of this Book
1. Detailed learning objectives are provided at the beginning of each subsection
2. High resolution, color contrasting figures illustrate concepts, relationships, and processes throughout
3. Summary tables display detailed information
4. End of chapter lists provide additional sources of information
5. Accessibility features including structured heads and alternative-text provide access for readers accessing the work via a screen-reader

Table of Contents
1. Biochemistry basics
2. Basic laboratory measurements
3. Fed and fasted state
4. Fuel for now
5. Fuel for later
6. Lipoprotein metabolism and cholesterol synthesis
7. Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), purine and pyrimidine metabolism
8. Amino acid metabolism and heritable disorders of degradation
9. Disorders of monosaccharide metabolism and other metabolic conditions
10. Genes, genomes, and DNA
11. Transcription and translation
12. Gene regulation and the cell cycle
13. Human genetics
14. Linkage studies, pedigrees, and population genetics
15. Cellular signaling
16. Plasma membrane
17. Cytoplasmic membranes
18. Cytoskeleton
19. Extracellular matrix

Suggested Citation
LeClair, Renée J., (2021). Cell Biology, Genetics, and Biochemistry for Pre-Clinical Students, Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech Publishing. https://doi.org/10.21061/cellbio. Licensed with CC BY NC-SA 4.0.

About the Author
Renée J. LeClair is an Associate Professor in the Department of Basic Science Education at the Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, where her role is to engage activities that support the departmental mission of developing an integrated medical experience using evidence-based delivery grounded in the science of learning. She received a Ph.D. at Rice University and completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the Maine Medical Center Research Institute in vascular biology. She became involved in medical education, curricular renovation, and implementation of innovative teaching methods during her first faculty appointment, at the University of New England, College of Osteopathic Medicine. In 2013, she moved to a new medical school, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Greenville. The opportunities afforded by joining a new program and serving as the Chair of the Curriculum committee provided a blank slate for creative curricular development and close involvement with the accreditation process. During her tenure she developed and directed a team-taught student-centered undergraduate medical course that integrated the scientific and clinical sciences to assess all six-core competencies of medical education.

Accessibility Note
The University Libraries at Virginia Tech and Virginia Tech Publishing are committed to making its publications accessible in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The HTML (Pressbooks) and ePub versions of this book utilize header structures and include alternative text which allow for machine-readability.

Please report any errors at https://bit.ly/feedback-preclinical

Cell Biology, Genetics, and Biochemistry for Pre-Clinical Students is an undergraduate medical-level resource for foundational knowledge across the disciplines of genetics, cell biology and biochemistry. This USMLE-aligned text is designed for a course in first-year undergraduate medical course that is delivered typically before students start to explore systems physiology and pathophysiology. The text is meant to provide the essential information from these content areas in a concise format that would allow learner preparation to engage in an active classroom. Clinical correlates and additional application of content is intended to be provided in the classroom experience. The text assumes that the students will have completed medical school prerequisites (including the MCAT) in which they will have been introduced to the most fundamental concepts of biology and chemistry that are essential to understand the content presented here. This resource should be assistive to the learner later in medical school and for exam preparation given the material is presented in a succinct manner, with a focus on high-yield concepts.

The 276-page text was created specifically for use by pre-clinical students at Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and was based on faculty experience and peer review to guide development and hone important topics.

Instructors reviewing, adopting, or adapting parts or the whole of the text are requested to register their interest at: https://bit.ly/interest-preclinical.

Instructors and subject matter experts interested in and sharing their original course materials relevant to pre-clinical education are requested to join the instructor portal at https://www.oercommons.org/groups/pre-clinical-resources/10133.

Table of Contents
1. Biochemistry basics
2. Basic laboratory measurements
3. Fed and fasted state
4. Fuel for now
5. Fuel for later
6. Lipoprotein metabolism and cholesterol synthesis
7. Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), purine and pyrimidine metabolism
8. Amino acid metabolism and heritable disorders of degradation
9. Disorders of monosaccharide metabolism and other metabolic conditions
10. Genes, genomes, and DNA
11. Transcription and translation
12. Gene regulation and the cell cycle
13. Human genetics
14. Linkage studies, pedigrees, and population genetics
15. Cellular signaling
16. Plasma membrane
17. Cytoplasmic membranes
18. Cytoskeleton
19. Extracellular matrix

In this course we will explore how altered metabolism drives cancer progression. Students will learn (1) how to read, discuss, and critically evaluate scientific findings in the primary research literature, (2) how scientists experimentally approach fundamental issues in biology and medicine, (3) how recent findings have challenged the traditional “textbook” understanding of metabolism and given us new insight into cancer, and (4) how a local pharmaceutical company is developing therapeutics to target cancer metabolism in an effort to revolutionize cancer therapy.

University of Kentucky
Chemistry 103 – Chemistry for Allied Health

A study of the basic concepts of general, organic, and biological chemistry. Topics include electronic structure of atoms and molecules, periodicity of the elements, states of matter, kinetics, equilibria, acids and bases, organic functional groups, stereochemistry, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and enzymes. Topics are presented with an emphasis on application to the allied health professions.

Chapter 1: Measurements and Problem-Solving
1.1: Measurements Matter
1.2: Significant Figures
1.3: Scientific Dimensional Analysis
1.4: Percentages
1.E: Measurements and Problem-Solving (Exercises)
Chapter 10: Nuclear and Chemical Reactions
10.1: Nuclear Radiation
10.2: Fission and Fusion
10.3: Half-Life
10.4: Physical and Chemical Changes
10.5: Chemical Equations
10.E: Nuclear and Chemical Reactions (Exercises)
Chapter 11: Properties of Reactions
11.1: Oxidation Numbers
11.2: The Nature of Oxidation and Reduction
11.3: Types of Inorganic Reactions
11.4: Entropy and Enthalpy
11.5: Spontaneous Reactions and Free Energy
11.6: Rates of Reactions
11.E: Properties of Reactions (Exercises)
Chapter 12: Organic Reactions
Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds. The basic organic chemistry reaction types are addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions, photochemical reactions and redox reactions.
12.1: Organic Reactions
12.E: Organic Reactions (Exercises)
Chapter 13: Amino Acids and Proteins
Amino acids are molecules containing an amine group(NH2), a carboxylic acid group(R-C=O-OH) and a side-chain( usually denoted as R) that varies between different amino acids. They are particularly important in biochemistry, where the term usually refers to alpha-amino acids. Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form in a biologically functional way.
13.1: Amino Acids
13.2: Peptides
13.3: Protein Structure
13.E: Amino Acids and Proteins (Exercises)
Chapter 14: Biological Molecules
Biomolecules include large macromolecules (or polyanions) such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as small molecules such as primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, and natural products.
14.1: Enzymes
14.2: Lipids and Triglycerides
14.3: Phospholipids in Cell Membranes
14.E: Biological Molecules (Exercises)
Chapter 15: Metabolic Cycles
15.1: Glycolysis
15.2: The Citric Acid Cycle
15.3: Lactic Acid Fermentation
15.4: The Electron Transport Chain
15.E: Metabolic Cycles (Exercises)
9.2: Homeostasis
Chapter 2: Elements and Ions
2.1: Isotopes and Atomic Mass
2.2: Matter
2.3: Mole and Molar Mass
2.4: Electron Arrangements
2.5: Ion Formation
2.6: Ionic Compounds
2.E: Elements and Ions (Exercises)
Chapter 3: Compounds
3.1: Molecular Compounds
3.2: Straight-Chain Alkanes
3.E: Compounds (Exercises)
Chapter 4: Structure and Function
The three dimensional shape or configuration of a molecule is an important characteristic. This shape is dependent on the preferred spatial orientation of covalent bonds to atoms having two or more bonding partners.
4.1: Lewis Electron Dot Structures
4.2: Representing Structures
4.3: Electron Group Geometry
4.4: Functional Groups
4.E: Structure and Function (Exercises)
Chapter 5: Properties of Compounds
5.1: Isomers
5.2: Carbohydrate Structures
5.3: Polarity and Intermolecular Forces
5.4: Chromatography
5.E: Properties of Compounds (Exercises)
Chapter 6: Energy and Properties
6.1: Heat Flow
6.E: Energy and Properties (Exercises)
Chapter 7: Solids, Liquids, and Gases
7.1: States of Matter
7.2: State Changes and Energy
7.3: Kinetic-Molecular Theory
7.4: The Ideal Gas Equation
7.5: Aqueous Solutions
7.6: Colloids and Suspensions
7.7: Solubility
7.E: Solutions (Exercises)
Chapter 8: Properties of Solutions
8.1: Concentrations of Solutions
8.2: Chemical Equilibrium
8.3: Le Châtelier's Principle
8.4: Osmosis and Diffusion
8.5: Acid-Base Definitions
8.6: The pH Concept
8.E: Properties of Solutions (Exercises)
Chapter 9: Equilibrium Applications
9.1: Acid and Base Strength
9.2: Buffers
9.E: Equilibrium Applications (Exercises)
Back Matter
Index

People around the world are fascinated about the preparation of food for eating. There are countless cooking books, TV shows, celebrity chefs and kitchen gadgets that make cooking an enjoyable activity for everyone. The chemistry of cooking course seeks to understand the science behind our most popular meals by studying the behavior of atoms and molecules present in food. This book is intended to give students a basic understanding of the chemistry involved in cooking such as caramelization, Maillard reaction, acid-base reactions, catalysis, and fermentation. Students will be able to use chemistry language to describe the process of cooking, apply chemistry knowledge to solve questions related to food, and ultimately create their own recipes.

Interactive radiology images, animated modules showing the physiology of difficult to understand muscle groups, sketches of anatomy, and links to the already existing quality neuroanatomy website.

Covers:
Head and Neck
Anatomy Videos
Back and Core
Thorax
Radiological Atlas
Abdomen
Upper Limb
Anatomical Illustrations
Lower Limb
Embryology
Neuroanatomy
Pelvis

This open educational resource (OER) was developed to ensure best practice and quality care based on the latest evidence, and to address inconsistencies in how clinical health care skills are taught and practised in the clinical setting. The checklist approach, used in this textbook, aims to provide standardized processes for clinical skills and to help nursing schools and clinical practice partners keep procedural practice current. Each skill/procedure is covered in a chapter that has learning objectives, a brief overview of the relevant theory, checklists of steps for procedures with the rationale behind each step of the process, and a summary of key takeaways. Key terms are set in bold throughout the book and laid out again in a Glossary in the appendix. All 88 checklists are also summarized, and hyperlinked to the original checklist, in the appendix.

View the animation to see how one type of immune cell-the helper T cell-interprets a message presented at the surface of the cell membrane. The message is an antigen, a protein fragment taken from an invading microbe. A series of events unfolds that results in the production of many clones of the helper T cell. These identical T cells can serve as a brigade forming an essential communication network to activate B cells, which make antibodies that will specifically attack the activating antigen.

Accessible presentation files created for the College Physics 2 - Intellus Open Course. Intellus Open Courses are curated by academic subject-matter experts in partnership with Macmillan Learning’s editorial teams. Licensed under CC-BY: https://go.intelluslearning.com/attribution

Welcome to Comparative Oral+ENT Biology. We created this textbook to support the multidisciplinary study of the mouth and associated structures. It integrates aspects of evolution, development, ecology, microbiology, structure and function. The main goal is to help college students interested in the subject to build a comprehensive background as a base for their graduate studies.

Table of Contents:
01. Preface
02. Introduction to the Mouth+ENT
03. Development
04. Body Tissues
05. Skull Evolution
06. The Human Skull
07. Ingestion
08. The Mouth
09. Biting
10. Mouth Opening
11. Tooth Evolution
12. The Human Teeth
13. Dental Development
14. The Gums
15. Dental Disease and Treatment
16. The Dentition
17. Dental Alignment
18. Tongue and Gustation
19. Salivation
20. Swallowing
21. The Tonsils
22. Breathing and Olfaction
23. Voice
24. Speech
25. Hearing
26. Global Health Patterns

This textbook is designed for the novice learner who is seeking to develop a foundational understanding of the complete subjective health assessment in the context of health and illness. The textbook deconstructs the categories of the complete subjective health assessment, providing learners with explanations and examples of what constitutes relevant subjective data. This textbook provides an opportunity to learn how to respond to normal, abnormal, and critical findings when completing a complete subjective health assessment

This textbook is designed for the novice learner who is seeking to develop a foundational understanding of the complete subjective health assessment in the context of health and illness. The textbook deconstructs the categories of the complete subjective health assessment, providing learners with explanations and examples of what constitutes relevant subjective data. This textbook provides an opportunity to learn how to respond to normal, abnormal, and critical findings when completing a complete subjective health assessment.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction to the Complete Subjective Health Assessment

The Complete Subjective Health Assessment
Reasons for Conducting a Complete Subjective Health Assessment
Categories and Influencing Factors
Reflective Questions
Chapter 2: The Complete Subjective Health Assessment

Introductory Information: Demographic and Biographic Data
Main Health Needs (Reasons for Seeking Care)
The PQRSTU Assessment
Current and Past Health
Mental Health and Mental Illnesses
Functional Health
Preventative Treatments and Examinations
Family Health
Cultural Health
Reference and Reflective Questions
Chapter 3: Cultural Safety and Care Partners

Cultural Safety
Care Partners
Reflective Questions
Chapter 4: Summary

Health History Summary
Reflective Questions
Key Takeaways

About the Book

This textbook is designed for the novice learner who is seeking to develop a foundationalunderstanding of the complete subjective health assessment in the context of health and illness. The textbook deconstructs the categories of the complete subjective health assessment, providing learners with explanations and examples of what constitutes relevant subjective data. This textbook provides an opportunity to learn how to respond to normal, abnormal, and critical findings when completing a complete subjective health assessment

An Interactive Guide to the Theory and Evidence of Practice

The re-emergence of midwifery as a primary health care profession is one of the great stories of Canadian health care systems, but this story has been largely undocumented. This invaluable interactive e-book details the history and philosophy of midwifery, how current midwifery theory and policies are developed, and the role of education and research in advancing the field. We include a special focus on the social determinants of women’s health throughout Canada and the world, the principle of health care as a human right, and the principles and scope of midwifery practice. A must-read for Canadian student midwives and others interested in midwifery.

Table of Contents:

I. Midwifery in a Health Care Context
1. Birth & its Meanings: Representations of Birth in Art
2. Midwifery Care & Human Rights
3. Midwifery Matters
4. Health Policy Analysis in Midwifery

II. Midwife as Practitioner
5. Midwife as Practitioner
6. Effective Communication
7. Working Across Differences in Midwifery
8. The Professional Framework for Midwifery Practice in Canada

III. Midwife as Educator
9. Health Education & Promotion
10. Approaches to Midwifery Education
11. The Academic Midwife: Scholar, Educator, Researcher

IV. Midwife as Researcher
12. Midwives Using Research: Evidence-based Practice & Evidence-Informed Midwifery
13. Midwife as Researcher

This open textbook for Concepts of Fitness and Wellness at Georgia Highlands College was created through a Round Seven ALG Textbook Transformation Grant.

Student Learning Outcomes:
Assess health behavior choices, apply that information to everyday life for the improvement of individual, family, and community well-being.
Identify preconceived ideas about knowledge, values, and behavior that affect health and compare with established research and accepted scientific evidence.

I. Objectives
II. 1. Introduction to Personal Health
III. 2. Nutritional Health
IV. 3. Personal Relationships and Violence
V. 4. Human Sexuality, Contraception, and Reproduction
VI. 5. Physical Activity
VII. 6. Substance Abuse and Addictions
VIII. 7. Aging, Dying, and Death
IX. 8. Diseases and Disorders
X. Faculty Resources
XI. Course Information

This peer reviewed e-book is a must-read for nurses and other health professionals who strive to teach with creativity and excellence in clinical settings. Each chapter presents current evidence informed educational practice knowledge. Each topic is also presented with text boxes describing ‘Creative Strategies’ that clinical teachers from across Canada have successfully implemented. For those who are interested in background knowledge, the authors provided a comprehensive literature base. And, for those interested mainly in 'what to do,' the text box summaries offer step-by-step directions for creative, challenging activities that both new and experienced instructors can begin using immediately.

This peer reviewed e-book is a must-read for nurses and other health professionals who strive to teach with creativity and excellence in clinical settings. Each chapter presents current evidence informed educational practice knowledge. Each topic is also presented with text boxes describing ‘Creative Strategies’ that clinical teachers from across Canada have successfully implemented. For those who are interested in background knowledge, the authors provided a comprehensive literature base. And, for those interested mainly in 'what to do,' the text box summaries offer step-by-step directions for creative, challenging activities that both new and experienced instructors can begin using immediately.