PhysicalGeography.net is an educational web portal that focuses on a specific area knowledge known as Physical Geography. Physical Geography is a sub-discipline of two much larger fields of study - Geography and Earth Sciences.

This is a Physical Geography course (GEOG 2050) that was transformed to utilize OER. The package provided here contains all of the quizzes and exams that the course uses in the corresponding OER online textbooks. Direct links to each chapter can be found in the course syllabus. Quizzes and syllabus licensed CC BY 4.0 by Rusti Liner, adapting content from "Introduction to Physical Geography" by R. Adam Dastrup is licensed under CC BY 4.0

What factors lead to a natural disaster? What causes a famine? Why do cities flood? According to a recent article in The Atlantic, Houston's flooding during the 2017 Hurricane Harvey was primarily caused by impervious pavement which prevents the absorption of water into the land. This example illustrates how nature and society are interlinked, which is the main focus of Geography 30, Penn State's introductory course to nature-society geography. In addition to examining the linkages between human development and natural hazards, this course will also explore human society's connection to food systems, climate change, urbanization and biodiversity. The course will also cover topics of ethics and decision making in order to help students evaluate the tradeoffs of these interconnections.
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The face of world politics seems to change as often as we go online or watch the news. In order to understand the realm of international affairs in its contemporary context, it is necessary to understand how we got here. One fundamental part of this is understanding how our global political system came to be and how contemporary systems are based on past iterations. The other fundamental part is to understand the theories that shaped these developments insofar as their influence on global political systems. In this course, we will examine the global political system as it is, as it was, and as it might be in the future.

Geographic Intelligence (GEOINT) is more than people working with computers in a secure intelligence facility. Join us for this exciting journey to learn about GEOINT's application in business, law enforcement, and defense. Advances in satellites, GPS, unmanned aerial systems, wireless communications, handheld computing, and the ability to automate laborious map analysis processes has transformed what used to be called geographic intelligence, or GEOINT, and the nature of the insights provided to managers and leaders. We have gone from mountains of hardcopy maps to amazing automated systems that provide previously unavailable understanding. GEOINT combines geographic information science and technologies with an analytic tradecraft. You will experience the value of GEOINT. We welcome you to the Revolution.

Physical geography lab exercises tend to be crafted for internal institutional use only. In light of the need to have online laboratory material for remote instruction, a group of geography instructors from across British Columbia (BC), Canada came together for this collaborative project with the goal of producing a cross-institutional open education resource (OER) laboratory manual for first-year post-secondary physical geography courses. The lab manual consists of 22 labs that cover an introduction to physical geography, weather and climate, biogeography, map and geospatial skills, hydrology, geomorphology, and landform identification. The majority of the labs have a BC focus; however, they are useable across Canada and further abroad. The majority of the labs have been developed so that they can be done in any order to increase instructor flexibility and promote adaptability to differing course structures and durations. Many of the labs have students using live data, or built-in flexibility with datasets for instructors in order to prevent the lab exercises becoming static over time. The lab manual is licenced under creative commons (refer to licensing information) so that the lab modules can be modified as needed by instructors to meet the learning outcomes of their students.

Lab Exercises
Tutorial: Using Spreadsheets in Geography
Lab 01: Earth Systems and Earth's Four Spheres
Lab 02: Earth-Sun Relationships and Earth's Energy Budget
Lab 03: Atmospheric Structure and Pressure Systems
Lab 04: Weather Forecasting
Lab 05: Local Climate Data Analysis
Lab 06: Climate Analysis with Virtual Globes
Lab 07: Atmospheric Moisture and Stability
Lab 08: Surface Water Balance
Lab 09: BC Soils and Relationships to Vegetation and Climate
Lab 10: Environmental Controls on Biogeography
Lab 11: Coastal Forest Virtual Field Trip
Lab 12A: Map Skills I
Lab 12B: Map Skills I
Lab 13A: Map Skills II
Lab 13B: Map Skills II
Lab 14: GPS Orienting
Lab 15: BC's Geology and Geologic Structures
Lab 16: Earthquakes and Volcanoes
Lab 17: Measuring and Analyzing Slope
Lab 18: Water Cycle and Water Resources
Lab 19: Fluvial Geomorphology and Landforms
Lab 20: Alpine Glacial Processes
Lab 21: Coastal Geomorphology
Lab 22: Geomorphology Virtual Field Trip
Instructor Notes

The past decade has seen an explosion of new mechanisms for understanding and using location information in widely-accessible technologies. This Geospatial Revolution has resulted in the development of consumer GPS tools, interactive web maps, and location-aware mobile devices. This course brings together core concepts in cartography, geographic information systems, and spatial thinking with real-world examples to provide the fundamentals necessary to engage with Geographic Information Science. We explore what makes spatial information special, how spatial data is created, how spatial analysis is conducted, and how to design maps so that they're effective at telling the stories we wish to share. To gain experience using this knowledge, we work with the latest mapping and analysis software to explore geographic problems.

Exploration of contemporary politics in the Middle East, examining the salient geographical, historical, and religious features of the area. Analyzes the role of political elites, the Arab-Israeli conflict, gender politics, and factors that have inhibited the growth of democracy.

I. Introduction to Geographic Science
II. Universe and Solar System
III. Planet Earth
IV. Tectonic Forces
V. Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition
VI. Fluvial Processes and Systems
VII. Oceans and Coastal Environments
VIII. Atmospheric Structure
IX. Weather Processes and Systems
X. Global Climates and Change
XI. Biomes and Ecosystems
XII. Environmental Disasters
XIII. Wildfires

I. Chapter 1: Digital Geography
1.1 What is a Toponymy?
1.2 Distance and Scale
1.3 Topography and Our National Parks
1.4: References

II. Chapter 2: Universe and Solar System

III. Chapter 3: Earth's Landforms
3.1 The Rock Cycle
3.2 Mining the World's Minerals
3.3 North American Landforms
3.4 References

IV. Chapter 4: Plate Tectonics
4.1 Cracked Tectonic Plates
4.2 Constructive Forces for Mountain Building
4.3 References

V. Chapter 5: Tectonic Forces
5.1 The Earth Moves
5.2 Tectonic Plate Types Effects on Volcanoes
5.3 References

VI. Chapter 6: Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition
6.1 Using Remote Sensing to Avoid a Disaster
6.2 References

VII. Chapter 7: Fluvial Processes and Systems
7.1 A River Runs Through It
7.2: Down to the Last Drop
7.3 References

VIII. Chapter 8: Oceans and Coastal Environments
8.1 Ocean Features and Landforms
8.2 Marine Debris

IX. Chapter 9: Atmospheric Processes and Systems
9.1 Fluid Earth: Winds and Ocean Currents

X. Chapter 10: Weather Processes and Systems
10.1 How's the Weather?
10.2 Tropical Storms

In essay format, this textbook considers examples of various sub-categories of Geography in combination with five regions of the Western World.

Table of contents:

1. What is the Western World?
2. What is Regional Geography?
3. Cultural Geography
4. Economic Geography
5. Historical Geography
6. Physical Geography
7. Political Geography
8. Population Geography
9. Urban Geography
10. Medical Geography
11. Pacific Realm
12. Pacific Realm: Regional Example
13. Pacific Realm: Cultural Geography I
14. Pacific Realm: Economic Geography I
15. Pacific Realm: Historical Geography I
16. Pacific Realm: Physical Geography I
17. Pacific Realm: Political Geography I
18. Pacific Realm: Population Geography I
19. Pacific Realm: Urban Geography I
20. Pacific Realm: Cultural Geography II
21. Pacific Realm: Economic Geography II
22. Pacific Realm: Historical Geography II
23. Pacific Realm: Physical Geography II
24. Pacific Realm: Political Geography II
25. Pacific Realm: Population Geography II
26. Pacific Realm: Urban Geography II
27. Pacific Realm: Overview
28. North America
29. North America: Regional Example
30. North America: Cultural Geography I
31. North America: Economic Geography I
32. North America: Historical Geography I
33. North America: Physical Geography I
34. North America: Political Geography I
35. North America: Population Geography I
36. North America: Urban Geography I
37. North America: Medical Geography I
38. North America: Cultural Geography II
39. North America Economic Geography II
40. North America: Historical Geography II
41. North America: Physical Geography II
42. North America: Political Geography II
43. North America: Population Geography II
44. North America: Urban Geography II
45. North America: Overview
46. Europe
47. Europe: Regional Example
48. Europe: Cultural Geography I
49. Europe: Economic Geography I
50. Europe: Historical Geography I
51. Europe: Physical Geography I
52. Europe: Political Geography I
53. Europe: Population Geography I
54. Europe: Urban Geography I
55. Europe: Cultural Geography II
56. Europe: Economic Geography II
57. Europe: Historical Geography II
58. Europe: Physical Geography II
59. Europe: Political Geography II
60. Europe: Population Geography II
61. Europe: Urban Geography II
62. Europe: Overview
63. Latin America and the Caribbean (LACAR)
64. Latin America and the Caribbean (LACAR): Regional Example
65. Latin America and the Caribbean (LACAR): Cultural Geography I
66. Latin America and the Caribbean (LACAR): Economic Geography I
67. Latin America and the Caribbean (LACAR): Historical Geography I
68. Latin America and the Caribbean (LACAR): Physical Geography I
69. Latin America and the Caribbean (LACAR): Political Geography I
70. Latin America and the Caribbean (LACAR): Population Geography I
71. Latin America and the Caribbean (LACAR): Urban Geography I
72. Latin America and the Caribbean (LACAR): Cultural Geography II
73. Latin America and the Caribbean (LACAR): Economic Geography II
74. Latin America and the Caribbean (LACAR): Historical Geography II
75. Latin America and the Caribbean (LACAR): Physical Geography II
76. Latin America and the Caribbean (LACAR): Political Geography II
77. Latin America and the Caribbean (LACAR): Population Geography II
78. Latin America and the Caribbean (LACAR): Urban Geography II
79. Latin America and the Caribbean (LACAR): Overview
80. Russian Domain
81. Russian Domain: Regional Example
82. Russian Domain: Cultural Geography I
83. Russian Domain: Economic Geography I
84. Russian Domain: Historical Geography I
85. Russian Domain: Physical Geography I
86. Russian Domain: Political Geography I
87. Russian Domain: Population Geography I
88. Russian Domain: Urban Geography I
89. Russian Domain: Cultural Geography II
90. Russian Domain: Economic Geography II
91. Russian Domain: Historical Geography II
92. Russian Domain: Physical Geography II
93. Russian Domain: Political Geography II
94. Russian Domain: Population Geography II
95. Russian Domain: Urban Geography II
96. Russian Domain: Overview
97. Russian Domain: Physical Geography III
98. North America: Cultural Geography III
99. Europe: Population Geography III
100. Latin America and the Caribbean (LACAR): Political Geography III

Access is also available here: https://cod.pressbooks.pub/westernworlddailyreadingsgeography/

A look at the physical and human characteristics that make the regions of our world distinctive, placing particular emphasis on cultural and societal structures.