Law has different meanings as well as different functions. Philosophers have considered issues of justice and law for centuries, and several different approaches, or schools of legal thought, have emerged. In this chapter, we will look at those different meanings and approaches and will consider how social and political dynamics interact with the ideas that animate the various schools of legal thought. We will also look at typical sources of “positive law” in the United States and how some of those sources have priority over others, and we will set out some basic differences between the US legal system and other legal systems.

Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to Law and Legal Systems
Chapter 2: Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Ethics
Chapter 3: Courts and the Legal Process
Chapter 4: Constitutional Law and US Commerce
Chapter 5: Administrative Law
Chapter 6: Criminal Law
Chapter 7: Introduction to Tort Law
Chapter 8: Introduction to Sales and Leases
Chapter 9: Title and Risk of Loss
Chapter 10: Performance and Remedies
Chapter 11: Products Liability
Chapter 12: Bailments and the Storage, Shipment, and Leasing of Goods
Chapter 13: Nature and Form of Commercial Paper
Chapter 14: Negotiation of Commercial Paper
Chapter 15: Holder in Due Course and Defenses
Chapter 16: Liability and Discharge
Chapter 17: Legal Aspects of Banking
Chapter 18: Consumer Credit Transactions
Chapter 19: Secured Transactions and Suretyship
Chapter 20: Mortgages and Nonconsensual Liens
Chapter 21: Bankruptcy
Chapter 22: Introduction to Property: Personal Property and Fixtures
Chapter 23: Intellectual Property
Chapter 24: The Nature and Regulation of Real Estate and the Environment
Chapter 25: The Transfer of Real Estate by Sale
Chapter 26: Landlord and Tenant Law
Chapter 27: Estate Planning: Wills, Estates, and Trusts
Chapter 28: Insurance

This course will acquaint the student with some of the ancient Greek contributions to the Western philosophical and scientific tradition. We will examine a broad range of central philosophical themes concerning: nature, law, justice, knowledge, virtue, happiness, and death. There will be a strong emphasis on analyses of arguments found in the texts.

There are several hundred thousand Brownfield sites across the country. The large number of sites, combined with how a majority of these properties are located in urban and historically underserved communities, dictate that redevelopment of these sites stands to be a common theme in urban planning for the foreseeable future. Students form a grounded understanding of the Brownfield lifecycle: how and why they were created, their potential role in community revitalization, and the general processes governing their redevelopment. Using case studies and guest speakers from the public, private and non-profit sectors, students develop and hone skills to effectively address the problems posed by these inactive sites.

In this course students will learn how to: Demonstrate an understanding of law, its historical development, judicial process, and the role of law in a complex social system, with emphasis on the American legal system and its institutions; Demonstrate the ability to analyze fact patterns in accordance with the legal professional case analysis method; to apply appropriate vocabulary and substantive legal principles; and then to analyze, compare, and evaluate the logic, reasoning, and arguments of other students, in accordance with established legal principles; Demonstrate the ability to complete a group project with other students, by identifying the applicable legal issues in a case or proposed statute, debating those issues, and producing a live course presentation; Identify and describe the basic principles of major business law subjects, such as constitutional authority to regulate business; common law contracts; the Uniform Commercial Code; agency; business associations; real and personal property and business-related torts; And identify and describe approaches to business ethics, social responsibility, and justice, and, demonstrate the ability, when confronted with an ethical dilemma, to weigh the arguments for alternative courses of action, and logically and persuasively argue for a particular course of conduct.

Law, in its simplest form, is used to protect one party from another. For instance, laws protect customers from being exploited by companies. Laws protect companies from other companies. Laws even protect citizens and corporations from the government. However, law is neither perfect nor all encompassing. This course will introduce the student to the laws and ethical standards that managers must abide by in the course of conducting business. Laws and ethics almost always shape a company's decision-making process; a bank cannot charge any interest rate it wants to charge that rate must be appropriate. By the end of this course, the student will have a clear understanding of the legal and ethical environment in which businesses operate. Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to: Identify sources of law in the United States; Describe the function and role of courts in the US legal system; Differentiate litigation from methods of alternative dispute resolution; List the elements of the major torts; List the essential elements of a valid contract; Describe how a contract can fail; Summarize the remedies available for breach of contract; Distinguish between real and personal property; Identify the various interests in real property and how they pass; Identify the requirements to hold various rights under intellectual property laws; Analyze the impact of the digital era on intellectual property rights; Distinguish between at-will employment and contractual employment; Identify laws that generally regulate the employer-employee relationship; Identify criminal acts related to the business world; Define white collar crime; Describe the various forms of business organization; Identify the major laws regulating business in the United States; Identify major ethical concerns in business today. (Business Administration 205)

Provides context and essential concepts across the entire range of legal issues with which managers and business executives must grapple. The text provides the vocabulary and legal acumen necessary for business people to talk in an educated way to their customers, employees, suppliers, government officials—and to their own lawyers.

Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to Law and Legal Systems
Chapter 2: Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Ethics
Chapter 3: Courts and the Legal Process
Chapter 4: Constitutional Law and US Commerce
Chapter 6: Criminal Law
Chapter 7: Introduction to Tort Law
Chapter 8: Introduction to Contract Law
Chapter 9: The Agreement
Chapter 10: Real Assent
Chapter 11: Consideration
Chapter 12: Legality
Chapter 13: Form and Meaning
Chapter 14: Third-Party Rights
Chapter 15: Discharge of Obligations
Chapter 16: Remedies
Chapter 17: Introduction to Sales and Leases
Chapter 18: Title and Risk of Loss
Chapter 19: Performance and Remedies
Chapter 20: Products Liability
Chapter 21: Bailments and the Storage, Shipment, and Leasing of Goods
Chapter 22: Nature and Form of Commercial Paper
Chapter 23: Negotiation of Commercial Paper
Chapter 24: Holder in Due Course and Defenses
Chapter 25: Liability and Discharge
Chapter 26: Legal Aspects of Banking
Chapter 27: Consumer Credit Transactions
Chapter 28: Secured Transactions and Suretyship
Chapter 29: Mortgages and Nonconsensual Liens
Chapter 30: Bankruptcy
Chapter 31: Introduction to Property: Personal Property and Fixtures
Chapter 32: Intellectual Property
Chapter 33: The Nature and Regulation of Real Estate and the Environment
Chapter 34: The Transfer of Real Estate by Sale
Chapter 35: Landlord and Tenant Law
Chapter 36: Estate Planning: Wills, Estates, and Trusts
Chapter 37: Insurance
Chapter 38: Relationships between Principal and Agent
Chapter 39: Liability of Principal and Agent; Termination of Agency
Chapter 40: Partnerships: General Characteristics and Formation
Chapter 41: Partnership Operation and Termination
Chapter 42: Hybrid Business Forms
Chapter 43: Corporation: General Characteristics and Formation
Chapter 44: Legal Aspects of Corporate Finance
Chapter 45: Corporate Powers and Management
Chapter 46: Securities Regulation
Chapter 47: Corporate Expansion, State and Federal Regulation of Foreign Corporations, and Corporate Dissolution
Chapter 48: Antitrust Law
Chapter 49: Unfair Trade Practices and the Federal Trade Commission
Chapter 50: Employment Law
Chapter 51: Labor-Management Relations
Chapter 52: International Law
Chapter 53: Contracts

Exploration of the evolving opinions and doctrines of the U.S. Supreme Court with particular emphasis on the civil liberties and rights of individuals and groups. Examines specific case law with relevance to contemporary political controversies, including post-September 11th detainees, the use of secret courts, same-sex marriage, immigration, and abortion.

This chapter covers the Civil Procedure topic of Pleading: The Plaintiff's Complaint. The chapter takes approximately four class periods to cover in detail. The student is exposed to cases, presented with questions that are designed to both guide class discussion and to help the student focus his reading of the materials, pleadings from cases, and the applicable Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

The sixth edition, first published as an ebook, and this seventh edition carry forward the philosophy and structure of the earlier editions. This book is not a comprehensive treatise on the subject of civil procedure, yet it provides a mixture of expository text, cases, and self-testing questions in nearly all of the major areas of the subject.

This is the first in a series of Contracts casebooks. It was originally titled "Collaborative Teaching Materials for Contracts."

The first semester of law school is mostly about learning to speak a new legal language (but emphatically not “legalese”), to formulate and evaluate legal arguments, to become comfortable with the distinctive style of legal analysis. We could teach these skills using almost any legal topic. But we begin the first-year curriculum with subjects that pervade the entire field of law. Contract principles have a long history and they form a significant part of the way that lawyers think about many legal problems. As you will discover when you study insurance law, employment law, family law, and dozens of other practice areas, your knowledge of contract doctrine and theory will be invaluable.

Table of Contents
I. Introduction to the Legal Significance of Promise Making

1. What is a Promise?
2. Which Promises Are Enforced?
II. The Consideration Requirement and Alternatives

1. Consideration Doctrine
2. Bargain or Gift?
3. Adequacy Doctrine
4. Promissory Estoppel
5. The Material Benefit Rule
III. Contract Formation

1. Offer
2. Acceptance
3. Revocation of Offers
4. UCC Section 2-207
5. Frontiers of Contract Formation

Access also available here: https://www.cali.org/books/contract-doctrine-theory-practice-volume-1

This is Volume 1 in a three volume series written for Contracts Law. The first semester of law school is mostly about learning to speak a new legal language (but emphatically not ŇlegaleseÓ), to formulate and evaluate legal arguments, to become comfortable with the distinctive style of legal analysis. We could teach these skills using almost any legal topic. But we begin the first-year curriculum with subjects that pervade the entire field of law. Contract principles have a long history and they form a significant part of the way that lawyers think about many legal problems. As you will discover when you study insurance law, employment law, family law, and dozens of other practice areas, your knowledge of contract doctrine and theory will be invaluable.

This is Volume 2 in a three volume series written for Contracts Law. The first semester of law school is mostly about learning to speak a new legal language (but emphatically not "legalese"), to formulate and evaluate legal arguments, to become comfortable with the distinctive style of legal analysis. We could teach these skills using almost any legal topic. But we begin the first-year curriculum with subjects that pervade the entire field of law. Contract principles have a long history and they form a significant part of the way that lawyers think about many legal problems. As you will discover when you study insurance law, employment law, family law, and dozens of other practice areas, your knowledge of contract doctrine and theory will be invaluable.

This is Volume 2 in a three volume series written for Contracts Law. The first semester of law school is mostly about learning to speak a new legal language (but emphatically not "legalese"), to formulate and evaluate legal arguments, to become comfortable with the distinctive style of legal analysis. We could teach these skills using almost any legal topic. But we begin the first-year curriculum with subjects that pervade the entire field of law. Contract principles have a long history and they form a significant part of the way that lawyers think about many legal problems. As you will discover when you study insurance law, employment law, family law, and dozens of other practice areas, your knowledge of contract doctrine and theory will be invaluable.

Table of Contents
IV. Defining the Obligation to Perform

1. Excuse
2. Mistake
3. Substantial Performance
4. Exclusive Dealing Contracts
V. Regulating the Bargaining Process

1. Unconscionability
2. Modification
3. Rules Concerning Information
4. The Statute of Frauds

Access also available here: https://www.cali.org/books/contract-doctrine-theory-practice-volume-2

This is Volume 3 in a three volume series written for Contracts Law. Its former title is "Collaborative Teaching Materials for Contracts."

The first semester of law school is mostly about learning to speak a new legal language (but emphatically not “legalese”), to formulate and evaluate legal arguments, to become comfortable with the distinctive style of legal analysis. We could teach these skills using almost any legal topic. But we begin the first-year curriculum with subjects that pervade the entire field of law. Contract principles have a long history and they form a significant part of the way that lawyers think about many legal problems. As you will discover when you study insurance law, employment law, family law, and dozens of other practice areas, your knowledge of contract doctrine and theory will be invaluable.

This book provides an overview of the criminal justice system of the United States. It is intended to provide the introductory student a concise yet balanced introduction to the workings of the legal system as well as policing, courts, corrections, and juvenile justice. Six chapters, each divided into five sections, provide the reader a consistent, comfortable format as well as providing the instructor with a consistent framework for ease of instructional design.

Criminal Law uses a two-step process to augment learning, called the applied approach. First, after building a strong foundation from scratch, Criminal Law introduces you to crimes and defenses that have been broken down into separate components. It is so much easier to memorize and comprehend the subject matter when it is simplified this way. However, becoming proficient in the law takes more than just memorization. You must be trained to take the laws you have studied and apply them to various fact patterns. Most students are expected to do this automatically, but application must be seen, experienced, and practiced before it comes naturally. Thus the second step of the applied approach is reviewing examples of the application of law to facts after dissecting and analyzing each legal concept. Some of the examples come from cases, and some are purely fictional. All the examples are memorable, even quirky, so they will stick in your mind and be available when you need them the most (like during an exam). After a few chapters, you will notice that you no longer obsess over an explanation that doesn’t completely make sense the first time you read it—you will just skip to the example. The examples clarify the principles for you, lightening the workload significantly.

Criminal Law uses a two-step process to augment learning, called the applied approach. First, after building a strong foundation from scratch, Criminal Law introduces you to crimes and defenses that have been broken down into separate components. It is so much easier to memorize and comprehend the subject matter when it is simplified this way. However, becoming proficient in the law takes more than just memorization. You must be trained to take the laws you have studied and apply them to various fact patterns. Most students are expected to do this automatically, but application must be seen, experienced, and practiced before it comes naturally. Thus the second step of the applied approach is reviewing examples of the application of law to facts after dissecting and analyzing each legal concept. Some of the examples come from cases, and some are purely fictional. All the examples are memorable, even quirky, so they will stick in your mind and be available when you need them the most (like during an exam). After a few chapters, you will notice that you no longer obsess over an explanation that doesn’t completely make sense the first time you read it—you will just skip to the example. The examples clarify the principles for you, lightening the workload significantly.

An introduction to the cross-cultural study of bio-medical ethics. Examines moral foundations of the science and practice of western bio-medicine through case studies of abortion, contraception, cloning, organ transplantation and other issues. Evaluates challenges that new medical technologies pose to the practice and availability of medical services around the globe, and to cross-cultural ideas of kinship and personhood. Discusses critiques of the bio-medical tradition from anthropological, feminist, legal, religious, and cross-cultural theorists.

This chapter's objective is to raise interesting tax ethics issues in practical contexts. There are 43 notes and questions to prompt and guide discussions, and primary source materials to inform the discussions (e.g., cases, IRC provisions, and Circular 230 excerpts). These Teaching Notes flesh out the notes and questions, summarize the cases, and provide additional information and suggestions for readings. Of course, the ultimate test for casebook materials lies in student interaction based on the materials, so I assigned the materials to my students, and, taking their reaction into account, I have made suggestions below as to materials to eliminate or emphasize in customizing for your own class.

Access also available here: https://www.cali.org/books/ethics-tax-lawyering-second-edition

Table of Contents
1. Introducing Legal Ethics for Tax Lawyers

1.1 Ethics for Lawyers
1.2 The Duty to the Tax System
1.3 Sharing the Profession with Non-Lawyers
2. Regulating Tax Lawyering

2.1 Regulating Tax Lawyering through the IRC
2.2 Regulating Tax Lawyering through Circular 230
2.3 Regulating Tax Lawyering through Malpractice Standards
3. Ethical Problems for Tax Lawyers

3.1 Tax Opinion and Tax Shelters
3.2 Mistakes
3.3 Working with IRS Lawyers and Other Employees

This chapter's objective is to raise interesting tax ethics issues in practical contexts. There are 43 notes and questions to prompt and guide discussions, and primary source materials to inform the discussions (e.g., cases, IRC provisions, and Circular 230 excerpts). These Teaching Notes flesh out the notes and questions, summarize the cases, and provide additional information and suggestions for readings. Of course, the ultimate test for casebook materials lies in student interaction based on the materials, so I assigned the materials to my students, and, taking their reaction into account, I have made suggestions below as to materials to eliminate or emphasize in customizing for your own class.