Starting a business involves planning, making key financial decisions, and completing a series of legal activities. Scroll down to learn about each step.

This is an introductory course in managerial accounting that transfers to four year institutions. It is commonly the last accounting class for the transfer student intent on a Bachelor’s Degree in Business/Economics fields.

At the conclusion of Accounting 203 you will have developed an understanding of the following:

The users of managerial accounting information
The basics of job order and process costing
Understand and determine cost behaviors
Prepare production and cash budgets
Understand the basics of variance analysis

This course is a review of the fundamental concepts of accounting. The focus is on financial statements that a firm prepares each year. How entries are recorded in accounts to capture all economic activity of the firm is explained. How accounts are organized and what transactions are entered there, are studied. Year-end entries and the accrual method of accounting are described.

After completing this review course the student should have an adequate understanding of
- how the financial position of a firm is represented in its financial statement
- how most common transactions are handled
- why the accrual method of accounting is useful to reflect the financial position of the firm
- the importance of organizing an accounting system that meets the needs of the firm
- what the income statement and balance sheet represent

This course is a review of concepts of how accounting is designed to help management make its most important financial decisions. It starts by reviewing the principles that should guide accounting in order to serve the purpose for which accounting is designed. Accounting for different business forms is contrasted. Analytical approaches for decisions related to the cost of production, volume and investment are introduced. The emphasis is on the ability of the accounting function to provide the needed information for the firm to remain profitable.

***LOGIN REQUIRED*** Accounting covers accounting principles and practices, the complete accounting cycle and creation of financial reports. Use of the general journal and special journals, general ledger, accounts payable, accounts receivable and proper financial reporting.This course provides instruction in the basic accounting procedures used to operate a business including sole proprietorship, partnerships, and corporations. The accounting procedures presented will also serve as a sound background for employment in office jobs and preparation for further education and training. The complete accounting cycle is covered, students learn how to us generally accepted accounting principles to prepare, analyze, verify financial transactions, reports and economic information to make decisions for organizations.The course trains students in the basics of manual and computerized accounting. Students learn accounting topics including ethics, accounting principles, computing accounting, accounting terminology, job specific accounting, and clerical duties related to accounting. Students also gain real-world applications in income tax, personal finance, and stock market.

Accounting Principles: A Business Perspective uses annual reports of real companies to illustrate many of the accounting concepts in use in business today. Gaining an understanding of accounting terminology and concepts, however, is not enough to ensure your success. You also need to be able to find information on the Internet, analyze various business situations, work effectively as a member of a team, and communicate your ideas clearly. This text was developed to help you develop these skills.

1. Accounting and its use in business decisions
2. Recording business transactions
3. Adjustments for financial reporting
4. Completing the accounting cycle
5. Accounting theory
6. Merchandising transactions
7. Measuring and reporting inventories
8. Control of cash
9. Receivables and payables
10. Property, plant, and equipment
11. Plant asset disposals, natural resources, and intangible assets
12. Stockholders' equity: Classes of capital stock
13. Corporations: Paid-in capital, retained earnings, dividends, and treasury stock
14. Stock investments
15. Long-term financing: Bonds
16. Analysis using the statement of cash flows
17. Analysis and interpretation of financial statements
18. Managerial accounting concepts/job costing
19. Process: Cost systems
20. Using accounting for quality and cost management
21. Cost-volume-profit analysis
22. Short-term decision making: Differential analysis
23. Budgeting for planning and control
24. Control through standard costs
25. Responsibility accounting: Segmental analysis
26. Capital budgeting: Long-range planning

Reviews available here: https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/textbooks/accounting-principles-a-business-perspective

Though accounting may seem like a dense and complex subject, this course is designed to present the accounting cycle in an accessible and logical manner. It will provide you with a solid understanding of basic accounting principles and will introduce you to financial statement analysis.

In Accounting for Managers, students learn the basic accounting principles needed to effectively make business decisions as a manager. The course begins with a review of basic math and accounting principles, ensuring students are prepared for the material that follows. Students will learn how to make financial decisions, including decisions around budgeting, financial statements, and cost and profit analysis.

Law has different meanings as well as different functions. Philosophers have considered issues of justice and law for centuries, and several different approaches, or schools of legal thought, have emerged. In this chapter, we will look at those different meanings and approaches and will consider how social and political dynamics interact with the ideas that animate the various schools of legal thought. We will also look at typical sources of “positive law” in the United States and how some of those sources have priority over others, and we will set out some basic differences between the US legal system and other legal systems.

Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to Law and Legal Systems
Chapter 2: Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Ethics
Chapter 3: Courts and the Legal Process
Chapter 4: Constitutional Law and US Commerce
Chapter 5: Administrative Law
Chapter 6: Criminal Law
Chapter 7: Introduction to Tort Law
Chapter 8: Introduction to Sales and Leases
Chapter 9: Title and Risk of Loss
Chapter 10: Performance and Remedies
Chapter 11: Products Liability
Chapter 12: Bailments and the Storage, Shipment, and Leasing of Goods
Chapter 13: Nature and Form of Commercial Paper
Chapter 14: Negotiation of Commercial Paper
Chapter 15: Holder in Due Course and Defenses
Chapter 16: Liability and Discharge
Chapter 17: Legal Aspects of Banking
Chapter 18: Consumer Credit Transactions
Chapter 19: Secured Transactions and Suretyship
Chapter 20: Mortgages and Nonconsensual Liens
Chapter 21: Bankruptcy
Chapter 22: Introduction to Property: Personal Property and Fixtures
Chapter 23: Intellectual Property
Chapter 24: The Nature and Regulation of Real Estate and the Environment
Chapter 25: The Transfer of Real Estate by Sale
Chapter 26: Landlord and Tenant Law
Chapter 27: Estate Planning: Wills, Estates, and Trusts
Chapter 28: Insurance

Recent developments in contract theory. Includes advanced models of moral hazard, adverse selection, mechanism design and incomplete contracts with applications to theory of the firm, organizational design, and financial structure.

Energy policy is typically evolutionary as opposed to revolutionary. We can look to historical policies to understand how we've inherited the policies governing our energy use today. But looking backward only tells us part of the story. In the face of climate change, we need to look ahead and instead envision a more revolutionary change to our energy systems and the policies that govern them. This class takes you on that journey to energy policies past, present, and future. We look at the political realities of addressing climate change at various scales of governance and work together to craft our own ideal scenarios of what a responsible energy future will be.

This class covers the analysis and modeling of stochastic processes. Topics include measure theoretic probability, martingales, filtration, and stopping theorems, elements of large deviations theory, Brownian motion and reflected Brownian motion, stochastic integration and Ito calculus and functional limit theorems. In addition, the class will go over some applications to finance theory, insurance, queueing and inventory models.

This course draws on a wide range of perspectives to explore the roots of long term competitive advantage in unusually successful firms. Using a combination of cases, simulations, readings and, most importantly, lively discussion, the course will explore the ways in which long term advantage is built from first mover advantage, increasing returns, and unique organizational competencies. We will focus particularly on the ways in which the actions of senior management build competitive advantage over time, and on the strategic implications of understanding the roots of a firm's success.

This course provides a deep understanding of engineering systems at a level intended for research on complex engineering systems. It provides a review and extension of what is known about system architecture and complexity from a theoretical point of view while examining the origins of and recent developments in the field. The class considers how and where the theory has been applied, and uses key analytical methods proposed. Students examine the level of observational (qualitative and quantitative) understanding necessary for successful use of the theoretical framework for a specific engineering system. Case studies apply the theory and principles to engineering systems.

This half-semester course introduces and surveys a selection of cutting-edge topics in the field of real estate finance and investments. The course follows an informal ‰ŰĎseminar‰Ű format to the maximum degree possible, with students expected to take considerable initiative. Lectures and discussions led by the instructors will be supplemented by several guest speakers from the real estate investment industry, who will present perspectives on current trends and important developments in the industry.

" In analyzing fiscal issues, conventional public finance approaches focus mainly on taxation and public spending. Policymakers and practitioners rarely explore solutions by examining the fundamental problem: the failure of interested parties to act collectively to internalize the positive externalities generated by public goods. Public finance is merely one of many possible institutional arrangements for assigning the rights and responsibilities to public goods consumption. This system is currently under stress because of the financial crisis. The first part of the class will focus on collective action and its connection with local public finance. The second part will explore alternative institutional arrangements for mediating collective action problems associated with the provision of local public goods. The objective of the seminar is to broaden the discussion of local public finance by incorporating collective action problems into the discourse. This inclusion aims at exploring alternative institutional arrangements for financing local public services in the face of severe economic downturn. Applications of emerging ideas to the provision of public health, education, and natural resource conservation will be discussed."

The purpose of this course is to lead students in an exploration of fundamental advertising principles and the role advertising plays in the promotional mix. You will learn where advertising fits in the Marketing Mix, also known as the four Ps: Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. Although some consider all promotion synonymous with advertising, you will learn the unique characteristics that separate advertising from other forms of promotional communication. You will revisit some familiar marketing concepts within a new framework, approaching the subject from the advertiserŐs perspective.

This course instructs students on how to develop technologies that help people measure and communicate emotion, that respectfully read and that intelligently respond to emotion, and have internal mechanisms inspired by the useful roles emotions play.

Overview of airline management decision processes, with a focus on economic issues and their relationship to operations planning models and decision support tools. Application of economic models of demand, pricing, costs, and supply to airline markets and networks. Examination of industry practice and emerging methods for fleet planning, route network design, scheduling, pricing and revenue management, with emphasis on the interactions between the components of airline management and profit objectives in competitive environments. Students participate in a competitive airline management simulation game as part of the subject requirements.

This class examines how and why twentieth-century Americans came to define the ‰ŰĎgood life‰Ű through consumption, leisure, and material abundance. We will explore how such things as department stores, nationally advertised brand-name goods, mass-produced cars, and suburbs transformed the American economy, society, and politics. The course is organized both thematically and chronologically. Each period deals with a new development in the history of consumer culture. Throughout we explore both celebrations and critiques of mass consumption and abundance.

This course presents real-world examples in which quantitative methods provide a significant competitive edge that has led to a first order impact on some of today's most important companies. We outline the competitive landscape and present the key quantitative methods that created the edge (data-mining, dynamic optimization, simulation), and discuss their impact.

This course covers the key quantitative methods of finance: financial econometrics and statistical inference for financial applications; dynamic optimization; Monte Carlo simulation; stochastic (ItĺŞ) calculus. These techniques, along with their computer implementation, are covered in depth. Application areas include portfolio management, risk management, derivatives, and proprietary trading.

Explores how organizations can use system dynamics to achieve important goals. Student teams work with client managers to tackle the clients' most pressing issues. Students discuss experiences with their clients, and learn modeling and consulting skills they need to be effective. Focus on gaining practical insight from the system dynamics process. Projects are sponsored by diverse organizations from a range of industries and sizes from start-ups to the Fortune 500.

Develops facility with concepts, language, and analytical tools of economics. Covers microeconomics, macroeconomics, and international trade and payments. Emphasizes integration of theory, data, and judgment in the analysis of corporate decisions and public policy, and in the assessment of changing US and international business environments. Restricted to Sloan Fellows. The fact of scarcity forces individuals, firms, and societies to choose among alternative uses -- or allocations -- of its limited resources. Accordingly, the first part of this summer course seeks to understand how economists model the choice process of individual consumers and firms, and how markets work to coordinate these choices. It also examines how well markets perform this function using the economist's criterion of market efficiency. Overall, this course focuses on microeconomics, with some topics from macroeconomics and international trade. It emphasizes the integration of theory, data, and judgment in the analysis of corporate decisions and public policy, and in the assessment of changing U.S. and international business environments.

For the communications course Argumentation or Argumentation and Debate.

There is a quote that has been passed down many years and is most recently accounted to P.T. Barnum, “There is a sucker born every minute.” Are you that sucker? If you were, would you like to be “reborn?” The goal of this book is to help you through that “birthing” process. Critical thinking and standing up for your ideas and making decisions are important in both your personal and professional life. How good are we at making the decision to marry? According to the Centers for Disease Control, there is one divorce in America every 36 seconds. That is nearly 2,400 every day. And professionally, the Wall Street Journal predicts the average person will have 7 careers in their lifetime. Critical thinking skills are crucial.

Critical thinking is a series learned skills. In each chapter of this book you will find a variety of skills that will help you improve your thinking and argumentative ability. As you improve, you will grow into a more confident person being more in charge of your world and the decisions you make.

Word version: https://asccc-oeri.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Arguing-Using-Critical-Thinking-Word.docx

PDF: https://asccc-oeri.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Arguing-Using-Critical-Thinking-PDF.pdf

Table of Contents
1: Standing Up For Your Point Of View
2: Communicating An Argument
3: Clash
4: Claims
5: Building Your Case With Issues, Analysis And Contentions
6: Evidence
7: Reasoning
8: Validity Or Truth
9: Changing Beliefs, Attitudes and Behavior
10: Decision Making - Judging an Argument
11: Discovering, Examining and Improving Our Reality
12: The Foundations of Critical Thinking

An introduction to bargaining and negotiation in public, business, and legal settings. Combines a "hands-on" skill-building orientation with a look at pertinent social theory. Strategy, communications, ethics, and institutional influences are examined as they influence the ability of actors to analyze problems, negotiate agreements, and resolve disputes in social, organizational, and political circumstances characterized by interdependent interests.

This lesson talks about how money is created in a fractional reserve banking system. [Banking, Money, Finance playlist: Lesson 4 of 24]

This lesson talks about how money is created in a fractional reserve banking system. [Banking, Money, Finance playlist: Lesson 4 of 24]

This lesson explains reserve requirements and how they limit how much lending a bank can do. [Banking, Money, Finance playlist: Lesson 8 of 24]

This lesson introduces the ways that banks make money. [Banking, Money, Finance playlist: Lesson 1 of 24]

This lesson introduces the ways that banks make money. [Banking, Money, Finance playlist: Lesson 1 of 24]

This lesson discusses the idea of a reserve bank. [Banking, Money, Finance playlist: Lesson 11 of 24]

Overview: This lesson talks about the pros and cons of various banking systems and talks more about using gold as a standard. [Banking, Money, Finance playlist: Lesson 18 of 24]

This text addresses the challenges posed by various levels of project complexity by introducing an approach to profiling projects and discussing the implications to project management. The text provides an overview of project management and uses the industry standard definitions of the divisions of project management knowledge as described by the Project Management Institute (PMI) to provide grounding in traditional project management concepts. Additionally, students learn a technique developed by the authors to assess the complexity level of a project.

Chapter 1: Introduction to Project Management
Chapter 2: Project Profiling
Chapter 3: Project Phases and Organization
Chapter 4: Understanding and Meeting Client Expectations
Chapter 5: Working with People on Projects
Chapter 6: Communication Technologies
Chapter 7: Starting a Project
Chapter 8: Project Time Management
Chapter 9: Estimating and Managing Costs
Chapter 10: Managing Project Quality
Chapter 11: Managing Project Risk
Chapter 12: Project Procurement and Closure

Surveys research which incorporates psychological evidence into economics. Prospect theory. Biases in probabilistic judgment. Self-control and mental accounting with implications for consumption and savings. Fairness, altruism, and public goods contributions. Financial market anomalies and theories. Impact of markets, learning, and incentives. Some evidence on memory, attention, categorization, and the thinking process.

Lean thinking, as well as associated processes and tools, have involved into a ubiquitous perspective for improving systems particularly in the manufacturing arena. With application experience has come an understanding of the boundaries of lean capabilities and the benefits of getting beyond these boundaries to further improve performance. Discrete event simulation is recognized as one beyond-the-boundaries of lean technique. Thus, the fundamental goal of this text is to show how discrete event simulation can be used in addition to lean thinking to achieve greater benefits in system improvement than with lean alone. Realizing this goal requires learning the problems that simulation solves as well as the methods required to solve them. The problems that simulation solves are captured in a collection of case studies. These studies serve as metaphors for industrial problems that are commonly addressed using lean and simulation.

Table of Contents
Beyond Lean: Process and Principles
Simulation Modeling
Modeling Random Quantities
Conducting Simulation Experiments
The Simulation Engine
A Single Workstation
Serial Systems
Job Shops
Inventory Organization and Control
Inventory Control Using Kanbans
Cellular Manufacturing Operations
Flexible Manufacturing Systems
Automated Inventory Management
Transportation and Delivery
Integrated Supply Chains
Distribution Centers and Conveyors
Automated Guided Vehicle Systems
Automated Storage and Retrieval

Reviews available here: https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/textbooks/beyond-lean-simulation-in-practice-second-edition

While big data infiltrates all walks of life, most firms have not changed sufficiently to meet the challenges that come with it. In this course, you will learn how to develop a big data strategy, transform your business model and your organization.

This course will enable professionals to take their organization and their own career to the next level, regardless of their background and position.

Professionals will learn how to be in charge of big data instead of being subject to it. In particular, they will become familiar with tools to:

assess their current situation regarding potential big data-induced changes of a disruptive nature,
identify their options for successfully integrating big data in their strategy, business model and organization, or if not possible, how to exit quickly with as little loss as possible, and
strengthen their own position and that of their organization in our digitalized knowledge economy
The course will build on the concepts of product life cycles, the business model canvas, organizational theory and digitalized management jobs (such as Chief Digital Officer or Chief Informatics Officer) to help you find the best way to deal with and benefit from big data induced changes.

Accounting is the measurement, processing, and communication of financial information about economic entities such as businesses and corporations.and conveys this information to a variety of users, including investors, creditors, management, and regulators.

This is an entire course/e-textbook that was formerly the Boundless Business text that was purchased by Lumen Learning and maintained in its current form.

The material presented in this resource is generally accurate especially considering that it reflects standard business practices and concepts that have changed little. A few of the examples given in the text could be a bit dated, which indicates that its utility may come from linking to specific parts of the course rather than using it as an entire textbook substitute. There does not appear to be a great deal of bias with this work, since its positioning is relatively generic to the facts and figures and it typically steers clear of opinions and judgments. An instructor could easily remix this with more current, relevant, and culturally deeper examples.

The text includes detailed images and graphs that are well done and help drive home visual concepts. It is limited in terms of interactivity and is still a text heavy presentation. This material is published as CC-Sharealike so it can be remixed but not revised. Lumen has taken some responsibility for the fact that it can still be edited but likely not updated to increase its currency. Since Lumen owns this material, it is likely to be here in this state for a long while.

Most of the material is relevant to any Introductory Business course with concepts that would apply for a long period of time. This material generally ages well, it just needs to be paired with continually more updated and relevant examples as technologies and markets change. Student could likely meet their learning goals and interests with this material as a support (curated by the instructor) to an existing course but it likely does not standalone as a full course resource. It seems most useful for providing depth to key points with direct links to sub-pages within this course.