Biology 2e is designed to cover the scope and sequence requirements of a typical two-semester biology course for science majors. The text provides comprehensive coverage of foundational research and core biology concepts through an evolutionary lens. Biology includes rich features that engage students in scientific inquiry, highlight careers in the biological sciences, and offer everyday applications. The book also includes various types of practice and homework questions that help students understand—and apply—key concepts. The 2nd edition has been revised to incorporate clearer, more current, and more dynamic explanations, while maintaining the same organization as the first edition. Art and illustrations have been substantially improved, and the textbook features additional assessments and related resources.

By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:

Describe how soils are formed
Explain soil composition
Describe a soil profile

Physical geography lab exercises tend to be crafted for internal institutional use only. In light of the need to have online laboratory material for remote instruction, a group of geography instructors from across British Columbia (BC), Canada came together for this collaborative project with the goal of producing a cross-institutional open education resource (OER) laboratory manual for first-year post-secondary physical geography courses. The lab manual consists of 22 labs that cover an introduction to physical geography, weather and climate, biogeography, map and geospatial skills, hydrology, geomorphology, and landform identification. The majority of the labs have a BC focus; however, they are useable across Canada and further abroad. The majority of the labs have been developed so that they can be done in any order to increase instructor flexibility and promote adaptability to differing course structures and durations. Many of the labs have students using live data, or built-in flexibility with datasets for instructors in order to prevent the lab exercises becoming static over time. The lab manual is licenced under creative commons (refer to licensing information) so that the lab modules can be modified as needed by instructors to meet the learning outcomes of their students.

Lab Exercises
Tutorial: Using Spreadsheets in Geography
Lab 01: Earth Systems and Earth's Four Spheres
Lab 02: Earth-Sun Relationships and Earth's Energy Budget
Lab 03: Atmospheric Structure and Pressure Systems
Lab 04: Weather Forecasting
Lab 05: Local Climate Data Analysis
Lab 06: Climate Analysis with Virtual Globes
Lab 07: Atmospheric Moisture and Stability
Lab 08: Surface Water Balance
Lab 09: BC Soils and Relationships to Vegetation and Climate
Lab 10: Environmental Controls on Biogeography
Lab 11: Coastal Forest Virtual Field Trip
Lab 12A: Map Skills I
Lab 12B: Map Skills I
Lab 13A: Map Skills II
Lab 13B: Map Skills II
Lab 14: GPS Orienting
Lab 15: BC's Geology and Geologic Structures
Lab 16: Earthquakes and Volcanoes
Lab 17: Measuring and Analyzing Slope
Lab 18: Water Cycle and Water Resources
Lab 19: Fluvial Geomorphology and Landforms
Lab 20: Alpine Glacial Processes
Lab 21: Coastal Geomorphology
Lab 22: Geomorphology Virtual Field Trip
Instructor Notes

"This course introduces the structure, composition, and physical processes governing the terrestrial planets, including their formation and basic orbital properties. Topics include plate tectonics, earthquakes, seismic waves, rheology, impact cratering, gravity and magnetic fields, heat flux, thermal structure, mantle convection, deep interiors, planetary magnetism, and core dynamics. Suitable for majors and non-majors seeking general background in geophysics and planetary structure."

" This course is a client-based land analysis and site planning project. The primary focus of the course changes from year to year. This year the focus is on Japan's New Towns. Students will review land inventory, analysis, and planning of sites and the infrastructure systems that serve them.ĺĘThey willĺĘalso examine spatial organization of uses, parcelization, design of roadways, grading, utility systems, stormwater runoff, parking, traffic and off-site impacts, as well as landscaping. LecturesĺĘwill coverĺĘanalytical techniques and examples of good site-planning practice. Requirements include a series of Assignments and Labs and a client-based project."

The Core Mantle Boundary (CMB) represents one of the most important physical and chemical discontinuities of the deep Earth as it separates the solid state, convective lower mantle from the liquid outer core. In this seminar course, we will examine our current understanding of the CMB region from integrated seismological, mineral physics and geodynamical perspectives. Instructors will introduce state-of-the-art methodologies that are employed to characterize the CMB region and relevant papers will be discussed in class. Topics will include CMB detection and topography, D'' anisotropy, seismic velocity anomalies (e.g., ultra-low velocity zones), temperature, chemical reactions, phase relations, and mineral fabrications at the core-mantle boundary. These results will be integrated to address the CMB's fundamental role in both mantle and core dynamics.