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Atomic Physics
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Atomic physics may loosely be defined as the scientific study of the structure of the atom, its energy states, and its interactions with other particles and fields. Learning Atomic Physics is important not only for understanding the physics of the atom but also the technological applications thereof. For example, the fact that each element has its own characteristic “fingerprint” spectrum has contributed significantly to advances in material science and also in cosmology.

Subject:
Physical Science
Physics
Material Type:
Module
Provider:
African Virtual University
Provider Set:
OER@AVU
Author:
C.A. Kiwanga
Date Added:
03/13/2018
Atomic and Optical Physics II, Spring 2013
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CC BY-NC-SA
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This is the second of a two-semester subject sequence beginning with Atomic and Optical Physics I (8.421) that provides the foundations for contemporary research in selected areas of atomic and optical physics. Topics covered include non-classical states of light–squeezed states; multi-photon processes, Raman scattering; coherence–level crossings, quantum beats, double resonance, superradiance; trapping and cooling-light forces, laser cooling, atom optics, spectroscopy of trapped atoms and ions; atomic interactions–classical collisions, quantum scattering theory, ultracold collisions; and experimental methods.

Subject:
Physical Science
Physics
Material Type:
Full Course
Provider:
M.I.T.
Provider Set:
M.I.T. OpenCourseWare
Author:
Ketterle, Wolfgang
Date Added:
01/01/2013
Attraction and Repulsion: The Magic of Magnets, Fall 2005
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This Freshman Advising Seminar surveys the many applications of magnets and magnetism. To the Chinese and Greeks of ancient times, the attractive and repulsive forces between magnets must have seemed magical indeed. Through the ages, miraculous curative powers have been attributed to magnets, and magnets have been used by illusionists to produce "magical" effects. Magnets guided ships in the Age of Exploration and generated the electrical industry in the 19th century. Today they store information and entertainment on disks and tapes, and produce sound in speakers, images on TV screens, rotation in motors, and levitation in high-speed trains. Students visit various MIT projects related to magnets (including superconducting electromagnets) and read about and discuss the history, legends, pseudoscience, science, and technology of types of magnets, including applications in medicine. Several short written reports and at least one oral presentation will be required of each participant.

Subject:
Physical Science
Physics
Material Type:
Full Course
Provider:
M.I.T.
Provider Set:
M.I.T. OpenCourseWare
Author:
Livingston, James
Date Added:
01/01/2005
BSc Optics
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CC BY-NC-SA
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This book treats optics at the level of students in the later stage of their bachelor or the beginning of their master. It is assumed that the student is familiar with Maxwell’s equations. Although the book takes account of the fact that optics is part of electromagnetism, special emphasis is put on the usefulness of approximate models of optics, their hierarchy and limits of validity. Approximate models such as geometrical optics and paraxial geometrical optics are treated extensively and applied to image formation by the human eye, the microscope and the telescope.

Table of Contents
1 Basic Electromagnetic and Wave Optics
2. Geometrical Optics
3. Optical Instruments
4. Polarisation
5. Interference and coherence
6. Scalar diffraction optics
7. Lasers

Subject:
Physical Science
Physics
Material Type:
Textbook
Author:
Aurèle J.L. Adam
H. Paul Urbach
Sander Konijnenberg
Date Added:
04/27/2021
Basics of Analysis with Antineutrinos from Heat Producing Elements - K, U, Th in the Earth, January IAP 2010
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CC BY-NC-SA
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"This course covers the following questions. What are the predominant heat producing elements of the Earth? Where and how much are they? Are they present in the core of the Earth? Detection of antineutrinos generated in the Earth provides: 1) information on the sources of the terrestrial heat, 2) direct test of the Bulk Silicate Earth (BSE) model and 3) testing of non-conventional models of Earth's core. Use of antineutrinos to probe the deep interior of our planet is becoming practical due to recent fundamental advances in the antineutrino detectors."

Subject:
Geology
Physical Science
Material Type:
Full Course
Provider:
M.I.T.
Provider Set:
M.I.T. OpenCourseWare
Author:
Pillalamarri, Ila
Date Added:
01/01/2010
Basics of Fluid Mechanics
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Some Rights Reserved
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Fluid mechanics deals with the study of all fluids under static and dynamic situations. Fluid mechanics is a branch of continuous mechanics which deals with a relationship between forces, motions, and statical conditions in a continuous material. This study area deals with many and diversified problems such as surface tension, fluid statics, flow in enclose bodies, or flow round bodies (solid or otherwise), flow stability, etc. In fact, almost any action a person is doing involves some kind of a fluid mechanics problem. Furthermore, the boundary between the solid mechanics and fluid mechanics is some kind of gray shed and not a sharp distinction (see Figure 1.1 for the complex relationships between the different branches which only part of it should be drawn in the same time.). For example, glass appears as a solid material, but a closer look reveals that the glass is a liquid with a large viscosity. A proof of the glass ``liquidity'' is the change of the glass thickness in high windows in European Churches after hundred years. The bottom part of the glass is thicker than the top part. Materials like sand (some call it quick sand) and grains should be treated as liquids. It is known that these materials have the ability to drown people. Even material such as aluminum just below the mushy zone also behaves as a liquid similarly to butter. Furthermore, material particles that "behaves'' as solid mixed with liquid creates a mixture After it was established that the boundaries of fluid mechanics aren't sharp, most of the discussion in this book is limited to simple and (mostly) Newtonian (sometimes power fluids) fluids which will be defined later.

This book describes the fundamentals fluid mechanics phenomena for engineers and others. It is designed to replace all introductory textbook(s) or instructor's notes for the fluid mechanics in undergraduate classes for engineering/science students but also for technical peoples. It is hoped that the book could be used as a reference book for people who have at least some basics knowledge of science areas such as calculus, physics, etc.

Subject:
Applied Science
Engineering
Physical Science
Physics
Material Type:
Textbook
Provider:
Potto Project
Author:
Genick Bar-Meir
Date Added:
01/01/2011
The Basics of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
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CC BY-NC-SA
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The Basics of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry by David W. Ball, John W. Hill, and Rhonda J. Scott is for the one-semester General, Organic and Biological Chemistry course. The authors designed this textbook from the ground up to meet the needs of a one-semester course. It is 20 chapters in length and approximately 350-400 pages; just the right breadth and depth for instructors to teach and students to grasp.

In addition, The Basics of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry is written not by one chemist, but THREE chemistry professors with specific, complimentary research and teaching areas. David W. Ball's specialty is physical chemistry, John W. Hill's is organic chemistry, and finally, Rhonda J. Scott's background is in enzyme and peptide chemistry. These three authors have the expertise to identify and present only the most important material for students to learn in the GOB Chemistry course.

These experienced authors have ensured their text has ample in-text examples, and ”Test Yourself“ questions following the examples so students can immediately check their comprehension. The end-of-chapter exercises will be paired, with one answered in the back of the text so homework can easily be assigned and self-checked.

The Basics of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry by David W. Ball, John W. Hill, and Rhonda J. Scott is the right text for you and your students if you are looking for a GOB textbook with just the right amount of coverage without overdoing the concepts and overwhelming your students.

Subject:
Chemistry
Physical Science
Material Type:
Textbook
Author:
David Ball
John Hill
Rhonda Scott
About The Contributors
Date Added:
05/30/2019
Basics of Impact Cratering & Geological, Geophysical, Geochemical, Environmental Studies of Some Impact Craters of the Earth, January (IAP) 2008
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CC BY-NC-SA
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This course introduces impact craters of the Earth. There are now 170 identified impact craters on the Earth, and this number is growing, ever since the well known discovery of Meteor Crater in 1920s. Currently, multi/inter disciplinary research studies of impact structures are getting conducted in fields like mineralogy, petrology, environmental geology and marine biology. This course is offered during the Independent Activities Period (IAP), which is a special 4-week term at MIT that runs from the first week of January until the end of the month.

Subject:
Atmospheric Science
Physical Science
Material Type:
Full Course
Provider:
M.I.T.
Provider Set:
M.I.T. OpenCourseWare
Author:
Pillalamarri, Ila
Date Added:
01/01/2008
Be Prepared! Everything you should know for 1st year Chemistry
Unrestricted Use
CC BY
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These Pre-Chemistry online modules are designed to function as chemistry preparation for first year chemistry students. It is particularly useful for students who, for various reasons, are otherwise not confident in their preparation for first year university level chemistry. However, the module can be used as a practical and valuable review for all students. The module focuses on the development of fundamental numeracy and problem solving skills that are widely applicable to students in a variety of first year chemistry courses including those directed to students in life science, engineering and natural and physical sciences. These modules function effectively in both online, hybrid or even as preparation for entirely traditionally delivered courses.

Module Learning Objectives:
Following successful completion of the module, students will be able to:

1) Demonstrate fluency, through interactive problem sets and quizzes, in describing experimental data in chemistry with clear understanding of the concepts – variance, significance, precision and accuracy.
2) Consistently develop responsive approaches to solving qualitative and quantitative problems using robust problem-solving skills, including unit analysis and problem visualization.
3) Apply mathematical functions fluidly and flexibly for expressing very large and small numbers using both linear and exponential scales.

Table of Contents:

I. Module 1
1. Scientific Measurements
2. Presenting Chemical Data
3. Chemical Problem Solving Strategies
4. Summary

II. Module 2
5. Modern Atomic Theory
6. Building the World
7. Transformations of Matter
8. Summary

Subject:
Chemistry
Physical Science
Material Type:
Module
Textbook
Author:
Andrew Vreugdenhil
Kelly Wright
Date Added:
11/30/2020
Beijing Urban Design Studio, Summer 2008
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In 2008, the Beijing Urban Design Studio will focus on the issue of Beijing's urban transformation under the theme of de-industrialization, by preparing an urban design and development plan for the Shougang (Capital Steel Factory) site. This studio will address whether portions of the old massive factory infrastructure can be preserved as a national industrial heritage site embedded into future new development; how to balance the cultural and recreational value of the site with environmental challenges; as well as how to use the site for urban development. A special focus of the studio will be to consider development approaches that minimize energy utilization. To research these questions, students will be asked to interact with clients from the factory, local residents, city officials and experts on transportation, environment, energy and real estate. They will assess strategic options for the steel factory and propose comprehensive plans for the design and development of the brownfield site.

Subject:
Atmospheric Science
Physical Science
Physics
Material Type:
Full Course
Provider:
M.I.T.
Provider Set:
M.I.T. OpenCourseWare
Author:
Frenchman, Dennis
Wampler, Jan
Date Added:
01/01/2008
Bending Light
Unrestricted Use
CC BY
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Explore bending of light between two media with different indices of refraction. See how changing from air to water to glass changes the bending angle. Play with prisms of different shapes and make rainbows.

Subject:
Physical Science
Physics
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Author:
Amy Rouinfar
Ariel Paul
Kathy Perkins
Noah Podolefsky
Sam Reid
Trish Loeblein
Date Added:
08/04/2020
Bending the Curve: Climate Change Solutions
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CC BY-NC-SA
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Climate change is an urgent problem. Because it is causing new weather extremes and fatal catastrophes, climate change is better termed climate disruption. Bending the curve to flatten the upward trajectory of pollution emissions responsible for climate disruption is essential in order to protect billions of people from this global threat. Education is a key part of the solution.

Subject:
Atmospheric Science
Physical Science
Material Type:
Textbook
Provider:
eScholarship
Author:
Max Auffhammer
Roger Aines
Veerabhadran Ramanathan
Date Added:
09/04/2019
Bending the Curve: Climate Change Solutions
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CC BY-NC-SA
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This textbook book lays out ten solutions that together can bend the curve of climate warming below dangerous levels. These solutions fall into six categories: science, societal transformation, governance, economics, technology, and ecosystem management.

Table of Contents
Part I Concepts and Solutions

1 Climate Change
2 Humans, Nature, and the Quest for Climate Justice
3 Climate Change and Human Health
4 Overview of the Ten Solutions for Bending the Curve
Part II Ten Solutions

5 Your Leadership: Social Movements and Social Solutions to Climate Change
6 Social Transformation: Changing Attitudes, Norms, and Behaviors
7 Religion, Ethics, and Climate Change
8 Communicating Climate Change Science
9 Lessons from California
10 The Paris Agreement and Its Implementation
11 Economics: Emissions, Impacts, and Policy
12 Cost-Effective Climate Policies
13 Two Evolving Energy Technology Pathways
14 Environmentally Sustainable Transportation
15 Technologies for Super Pollutants Mitigation
16 Enhancing Carbon Sinks in Natural and Working Lands
Part III Current Topics

17 Sea Level Rise from Melting Ice
18 Atmospheric Carbon Extraction: Scope, Available Technologies, and Challenges
19 Local Solutions

Subject:
Physical Science
Material Type:
Textbook
Author:
Max Auffhammer
Roger Aines
Veerabhadran Ramanathan
Date Added:
06/19/2020
Bio-Inspired Structures, Spring 2009
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CC BY-NC-SA
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" This course is offered for graduate students who are interested in the interdisciplinary study of bio-inspired structures. The intent is to introduce students to newly inspired modern advanced structures and their applications. It aims to link traditional advanced composites to bio-inspired structures and to discuss their generic properties. A link between materials design, strength and structural behavior at different levels (material, element, structural and system levels) is made. For each level, various concepts will be introduced. The importance of structural, dynamic, thermodynamic and kinetic theories related to such processing is highlighted. The pedagogy is based on active learning and a balance of guest lectures and hands-on activities."

Subject:
Physical Science
Physics
Material Type:
Full Course
Provider:
M.I.T.
Provider Set:
M.I.T. OpenCourseWare
Author:
Daniel, Leo
Date Added:
01/01/2009
Biochemical Engineering, Spring 2005
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CC BY-NC-SA
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This course focuses on the interaction of chemical engineering, biochemistry, and microbiology. Mathematical representations of microbial systems are featured among lecture topics. Kinetics of growth, death, and metabolism are also covered. Continuous fermentation, agitation, mass transfer, and scale-up in fermentation systems, and enzyme technology round out the subject material.

Subject:
Biology
Chemistry
Natural Science
Physical Science
Material Type:
Full Course
Provider:
M.I.T.
Provider Set:
M.I.T. OpenCourseWare
Author:
Prather, Kristala
Date Added:
01/01/2005
Biochemistry
Unrestricted Use
CC BY
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Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes and compounds, such as cellular makeup, that bring about life in organisms. This course will look at how these formed biomolecules interact and produce many of life's necessary processes. Also it will look at the most commonly used techniques in biochemistry research. Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: recognize and describe the structure of the following basic biomolecules: nucleic acids, amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates; diagram how these basic biomolecules are used as building blocks for more complex biomolecules; differentiate between reactions that create biomolecules; describe how these biomolecules are used in specific cellular pathways and processes; analyze how feedback from one pathway influences other pathways; explain how energy is utilized by a cell; indicate how biomolecules and pathways are regulated; describe how enzymes play a key role in catalysis; assess which biochemical technique should be used to study a given biochemical problem. (Biology 401; See also: Chemistry 109)

Subject:
Biology
Chemistry
Natural Science
Physical Science
Material Type:
Full Course
Provider:
The Saylor Foundation
Date Added:
04/29/2019
Biochemistry: Free For All
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CC BY-NC
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We are happy to welcome you to our second Open Educational Resource (OER) textbook, Biochemistry Free For All. Biochemistry is a relatively young science, but its rate of growth has been truly impressive. The rapid pace of discoveries, which shows no sign of slowing, is reflected in the steady increase in the size of biochemistry textbooks. Growing faster than the size of biochemistry books have been the skyrocketing costs of higher education and the even faster rising costs of college textbooks. These unfortunate realities have created a situation where the costs of going to college are beyond the means of increasing numbers of students.

Subject:
Biology
Chemistry
Natural Science
Physical Science
Material Type:
Textbook
Provider:
Oregon State University
Author:
Indira Rajagopal
Kevin Ahern
Taralyn Tan
Date Added:
10/26/2023
Biochemistry Laboratory, Spring 2009
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CC BY-NC-SA
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" The course, which spans two thirds of a semester, provides students with a research-inspired laboratory experience that introduces standard biochemical techniques in the context of investigating a current and exciting research topic, acquired resistance to the cancer drug Gleevec. Techniques include protein expression, purification, and gel analysis, PCR, site-directed mutagenesis, kinase activity assays, and protein structure viewing. This class is part of the new laboratory curriculum in the MIT Department of Chemistry. Undergraduate Research-Inspired Experimental Chemistry Alternatives (URIECA) introduces students to cutting edge research topics in a modular format. Acknowledgments Development of this course was funded through an HHMI Professors grant to Professor Catherine L. Drennan."

Subject:
Chemistry
Physical Science
Material Type:
Full Course
Provider:
M.I.T.
Provider Set:
M.I.T. OpenCourseWare
Author:
Taylor, Elizabeth Vogel
Date Added:
01/01/2009
Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Synaptic Transmission, Fall 2007
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CC BY-NC-SA
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Considers the process of neurotransmission, especially chemicals used in the brain and elsewhere to carry signals from nerve terminals to the structures they innervate. Focuses on monoamine transmitters (acetylcholine; serotonin; dopamine and norepinephrine); also examines amino acid and peptide transmitters and neuromodulators like adenosine. Macromolecules that mediate neurotransmitter synthesis, release, inactivation, and receptor-mediated actions are discussed, as well as factors that regulate their activity and the second-messenger systems they control.

Subject:
Chemistry
Physical Science
Material Type:
Full Course
Provider:
M.I.T.
Provider Set:
M.I.T. OpenCourseWare
Author:
Wurtman, Richard
Date Added:
01/01/2007
Biogeochemistry of Sulfur, Fall 2007
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CC BY-NC-SA
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" This course is designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate students with an interest in using primary research literature to discuss and learn about current research around sulfur biogeochemistry and astrobiology."

Subject:
Chemistry
Physical Science
Material Type:
Full Course
Provider:
M.I.T.
Provider Set:
M.I.T. OpenCourseWare
Author:
Ono, Shuhei
Summons, Roger
Date Added:
01/01/2007