Atomic physics may loosely be defined as the scientific study of the structure of the atom, its energy states, and its interactions with other particles and fields. Learning Atomic Physics is important not only for understanding the physics of the atom but also the technological applications thereof. For example, the fact that each element has its own characteristic “fingerprint” spectrum has contributed significantly to advances in material science and also in cosmology.

This is the second of a two-semester subject sequence beginning with Atomic and Optical Physics I (8.421) that provides the foundations for contemporary research in selected areas of atomic and optical physics. Topics covered include non-classical states of light–squeezed states; multi-photon processes, Raman scattering; coherence–level crossings, quantum beats, double resonance, superradiance; trapping and cooling-light forces, laser cooling, atom optics, spectroscopy of trapped atoms and ions; atomic interactions–classical collisions, quantum scattering theory, ultracold collisions; and experimental methods.

This book treats optics at the level of students in the later stage of their bachelor or the beginning of their master. It is assumed that the student is familiar with Maxwell’s equations. Although the book takes account of the fact that optics is part of electromagnetism, special emphasis is put on the usefulness of approximate models of optics, their hierarchy and limits of validity. Approximate models such as geometrical optics and paraxial geometrical optics are treated extensively and applied to image formation by the human eye, the microscope and the telescope.

Table of Contents
1 Basic Electromagnetic and Wave Optics
2. Geometrical Optics
3. Optical Instruments
4. Polarisation
5. Interference and coherence
6. Scalar diffraction optics
7. Lasers

Fluid mechanics deals with the study of all fluids under static and dynamic situations. Fluid mechanics is a branch of continuous mechanics which deals with a relationship between forces, motions, and statical conditions in a continuous material. This study area deals with many and diversified problems such as surface tension, fluid statics, flow in enclose bodies, or flow round bodies (solid or otherwise), flow stability, etc. In fact, almost any action a person is doing involves some kind of a fluid mechanics problem. Furthermore, the boundary between the solid mechanics and fluid mechanics is some kind of gray shed and not a sharp distinction (see Figure 1.1 for the complex relationships between the different branches which only part of it should be drawn in the same time.). For example, glass appears as a solid material, but a closer look reveals that the glass is a liquid with a large viscosity. A proof of the glass ``liquidity'' is the change of the glass thickness in high windows in European Churches after hundred years. The bottom part of the glass is thicker than the top part. Materials like sand (some call it quick sand) and grains should be treated as liquids. It is known that these materials have the ability to drown people. Even material such as aluminum just below the mushy zone also behaves as a liquid similarly to butter. Furthermore, material particles that "behaves'' as solid mixed with liquid creates a mixture After it was established that the boundaries of fluid mechanics aren't sharp, most of the discussion in this book is limited to simple and (mostly) Newtonian (sometimes power fluids) fluids which will be defined later.

This book describes the fundamentals fluid mechanics phenomena for engineers and others. It is designed to replace all introductory textbook(s) or instructor's notes for the fluid mechanics in undergraduate classes for engineering/science students but also for technical peoples. It is hoped that the book could be used as a reference book for people who have at least some basics knowledge of science areas such as calculus, physics, etc.

Body Physics was designed to meet the objectives of a one-term high school or freshman level course in physical science, typically designed to provide non-science majors and undeclared students with exposure to the most basic principles in physics while fulfilling a science-with-lab core requirement. The content level is aimed at students taking their first college science course, whether or not they are planning to major in science. However, with minor supplementation by other resources, such as OpenStax College Physics, this textbook could easily be used as the primary resource in 200-level introductory courses. Chapters that may be more appropriate for physics courses than for general science courses are noted with an asterisk symbol (*). Of course, this textbook could be used to supplement other primary resources in any physics course covering mechanics and thermodynamics.

Table of Contents
Unit 1: Purpose and Preparation
Unit 2: Measuring the Body
Unit 3: Error in Body Composition Measurement
Unit 4: Better Body Composition Measurement
Unit 5: Maintaining Balance
Unit 6: Forces within the Body
Unit 7: Strength and Elasticity of the Body
Unit 8: Skydiving
Unit 9: Injury and Injury Prevention
Unit 10: Body Energy
Unit 11: Body Heat and The Fight for Life

Body Physics was designed to meet the objectives of a one-term high school or freshman level course in physical science, typically designed to provide non-science majors and undeclared students with exposure to the most basic principles in physics while fulfilling a science-with-lab core requirement. The content level is aimed at students taking their first college science course, whether or not they are planning to major in science. However, with minor supplementation by other resources, such as OpenStax College Physics, this textbook could easily be used as the primary resource in 200-level introductory courses. Chapters that may be more appropriate for physics courses than for general science courses are noted with an asterisk symbol (*). Of course, this textbook could be used to supplement other primary resources in any physics course covering mechanics and thermodynamics.

This laboratory activity gives an example of the creativity required when teaching non-native rock types. In order to study igneous and metamorphic rocks in central Florida (a huge area consisting solely of sedimentary rock), geology students examined building stones in downtown St. Petersburg. Each student picked a particular rock type used in a particular way (structure, decorative facade, etc.), performed geologic tests on it, read up on its properties, history, and uses, and prepared a paper on it. Part of the way through the project, the entire class held a walking tour, during which each students' building (and its stones) were visited, and the student studying that type of stone told the class what they had found out about it. Building on this context of use, this website describes learning goals, teaching notes and materials, methods of assessment, and additional reference and resource links for this field lab.

Calculus-Based Physics is an introductory physics textbook designed for use in the two-semester introductory physics course typically taken by science and engineering students.

A free, two-volume, on-line, editable, introductory calculus based physics textbook in PDF™ and Microsoft Word™ format. Also provides ancillary materials including video solutions to physics problems and Blackboard™ quizzes with extensive feedback.

Calculus-Based Physics is an introductory physics textbook designed for use in the two-semester introductory physics course typically taken by science and engineering students.

Table of Contents
1 Charge & Coulomb's Law
2 The Electric Field: Description and Effect
3 The Electric Field Due to one or more Point Charges
4 Conductors and the Electric Field
5 Work Done by the Electric Field, and, the Electric Potential
6 The Electric Potential Due to One or More Point Charges
7 Equipotential Surfaces, Conductors, and Voltage
8 Capacitors, Dielectrics, and Energy in Capacitors
9 Electric Current, EMF, Ohm's Law
10 Resistors in Series and Parallel; Measuring I & V
11 Resistivity, Power
12 Kirchhoff's Rules, Terminal Voltage
13 RC Circuits
14 Capacitors in Series & Parallel
15 Magnetic Field Intro: Effects
16 Magnetic Field: More Effects
17 Magnetic Field: Causes
18 Faraday's Law, Lenz's Law
19 Induction, Transformers, and Generators
20 Faraday's Law and Maxwell's Extension to Ampere's Law
21 The Nature of Electromagnetic Waves
22 Huygens's Principle and 2-Slit Interference
23 Single-Slit Diffraction
24 Thin Film Interference
25 Polarization
26 Geometric Optics, Reflection
27 Refraction, Dispersion, Internal Reflection
28 Thin Lenses: Ray Tracing
29 Thin Lenses: Lens Equation, Optical Power
30 The Electric Field Due to a Continuous Distribution of Charge on a Line
31 The Electric Potential due to a Continuous Charge Distribution
32 Calculating the Electric Field from the Electric Potential
33 Gauss's Law
34 Gauss's Law Example
35 Gauss's Law for the Magnetic Field, and, Ampere's Law Revisited
36 The Biot-Savart Law
37 Maxwell's Equations

" This seminar examines the history and legacy of the Cold War on American science. It explores scientist's new political roles after World War II, ranging from elite policy makers in the nuclear age to victims of domestic anti Communism. It also examines the changing institutions in which the physical sciences and social sciences were conducted during the postwar decades, investigating possible epistemic effects on forms of knowledge. The subject closes by considering the place of science in the post-Cold War era."

This introductory, algebra-based, two-semester college physics book is grounded with real-world examples, illustrations, and explanations to help students grasp key, fundamental physics concepts. This online, fully editable and customizable title includes learning objectives, concept questions, links to labs and simulations, and ample practice opportunities to solve traditional physics application problems.

This introductory, algebra-based, two-semester college physics book is grounded with real-world examples, illustrations, and explanations to help students grasp key, fundamental physics concepts. This online, fully editable and customizable title includes learning objectives, concept questions, links to labs and simulations, and ample practice opportunities to solve traditional physics application problems.

College Physics for AP Courses is designed to engage students in their exploration of physics and help them to relate what they learn in the classroom to their lives and to apply these concepts to the Advanced Placement test. Physics underlies much of what is happening today in other sciences and in technology, therefore the book includes interesting facts and ideas that go beyond the scope of the AP course to further student understanding. The AP Connection in each chapter directs students to the material they should focus on for the AP® exam, and what content — although interesting — is not necessarily part of the AP curriculum.

For a semester-length course, all seven chapters can be covered. For a shorter course, the book is designed so that chapters 1, 2, and 5 are the only ones that are required for continuity; any of the others can be included or omitted at the instructor’s discretion, with the only constraint being that chapter 6 requires chapter 4.

Thermal backgrounds in space. Cosmological principle and its consequences: Newtonian cosmology and types of "universes"; survey of relativistic cosmology; horizons. Overview of evolution in cosmology; radiation and element synthesis; physical models of the "early stages." Formation of large-scale structure to variability of physical laws. First and last states. Some knowledge of relativity expected. 8.962 recommended though not required. This course provides an overview of astrophysical cosmology with emphasis on the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation, galaxies and related phenomena at high redshift, and cosmic structure formation. Additional topics include cosmic inflation, nucleosynthesis and baryosynthesis, quasar (QSO) absorption lines, and gamma-ray bursts. Some background in general relativity is assumed.

Discover Physics is a conceptual physics textbook intended for students in a nonmathematical one-semester general-education course.

The course provides the technological background of treatment processes applied for production of drinking water. Treatment processes are demonstrated with laboratory experiments.

This three credit course offeredat Macomb Community Collegeprovides an introduction toalternating current (AC)motors, AC motor controls, and AC motor applications tobattery electric and hybrid electric vehicles (BEVs and HEVs). Course topics include fundamental concepts of electricity and magnetism, AC motors, traction motors, AC synchronous permanent magnet motors, HEV/BEV energy storage and control systems, adjustable frequency drives, and modeling of various components associated with electric drivevehicles in MatLab and Simulink software. Included educational materials for this course are a syllabus and PowerPoint presentations. Homework assignments and exams are not included. This course is required as a part of MCC's Electric VehicleDevelopmentTechnology Certificate and the course outline is as follows: introduction to single-phase motors, motor operation theory, basic motor controls, introduction to three phase motors, three-phase motor controls, theory of operation for adjustable frequency drives, configuring drive parameters, simulation of parameters using MatLab software, and simulation of electric vehicle parameters using Simulink software.

The Early Universe provides an introduction to modern cosmology. The first part of the course deals with the classical cosmology, and later part with modern particle physics and its recent impact on cosmology.