So named as they were initially found in the Bursa of Fabricius, …
So named as they were initially found in the Bursa of Fabricius, B cells produce antibodies and are associated with humoral immunity (T cells are part of the cell-mediated immune response), and are an integral part of the adaptive immune system. They represent 20-30% of circulating lymphocytes.
Biology 2e is designed to cover the scope and sequence requirements of a …
Biology 2e is designed to cover the scope and sequence requirements of a typical two-semester biology course for science majors. The text provides comprehensive coverage of foundational research and core biology concepts through an evolutionary lens. Biology includes rich features that engage students in scientific inquiry, highlight careers in the biological sciences, and offer everyday applications. The book also includes various types of practice and homework questions that help students understand—and apply—key concepts. The 2nd edition has been revised to incorporate clearer, more current, and more dynamic explanations, while maintaining the same organization as the first edition. Art and illustrations have been substantially improved, and the textbook features additional assessments and related resources.
By the end of this section, you will be able to do …
By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:
Describe physical and chemical immune barriers Explain immediate and induced innate immune responses Discuss natural killer cells Describe major histocompatibility class I molecules Summarize how the proteins in a complement system function to destroy extracellular pathogens
Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is …
Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand. To meet the needs of today’s instructors and students, some content has been strategically condensed while maintaining the overall scope and coverage of traditional texts for this course. Instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.
This 8-minute video lesson presents an overview of types of immune responses. …
This 8-minute video lesson presents an overview of types of immune responses. It looks at the difference between innate and adaptive immunity and the differences between humoral adaptive immunity and cell-mediated adaptive immunity. [Biology playlist: Lesson 52 of 71].
This tutorial provides an overview of the immune system, concentrating on the …
This tutorial provides an overview of the immune system, concentrating on the roles played by B and T lymphocytes, and on the antigen-presentation system.
All animals possess a nonspecific defense system called the innate immune system, which includes macrophages in mammals. Vertebrates have an additional powerful immune response called adaptive immunity. This Click & Learn describes key elements of the adaptive immune system, including B cells and antibody molecules, helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells, and antigen presentation.
Covers cells and tissues of the immune system, lymphocyte development, the structure …
Covers cells and tissues of the immune system, lymphocyte development, the structure and function of antigen receptors, the cell biology of antigen processing and presentation including molecular structure and assembly of MHC molecules, lymphocyte activation, the biology of cytokines, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, and the pathogenesis of immunologically mediated diseases. Consists of lectures and tutorials in which clinical cases are discussed with faculty tutors. Details of the case covering a number of immunological issues in the context of disease are posted on a student Web site.
View the animation to see how one type of immune cell-the helper …
View the animation to see how one type of immune cell-the helper T cell-interprets a message presented at the surface of the cell membrane. The message is an antigen, a protein fragment taken from an invading microbe. A series of events unfolds that results in the production of many clones of the helper T cell. These identical T cells can serve as a brigade forming an essential communication network to activate B cells, which make antibodies that will specifically attack the activating antigen.
Seminar covering topics of current interest in biology. Includes reading and analysis …
Seminar covering topics of current interest in biology. Includes reading and analysis of research papers and student presentations. Contact Biology Education Office for topics.
This course is an advanced undergraduate seminar based upon discussions and critical …
This course is an advanced undergraduate seminar based upon discussions and critical analysis of primary literature in the field of immunology. Every infection consists of a battle between the invading pathogen and the resisting host. To be successful, a pathogen must escape the many defenses of the host immune system until it can replicate and spread to another host. A pathogen must prevent one of three stages of immune function: detection, activation, or effector function. Examples of disease specific immune evasion and the mechanisms used by pathogens to prevail over their host's immune systems are discussed. What these host-pathogen interactions reveal about the normal function of the immune system and about basic cell biological processes, such as protein maturation and degradation, are also considered.
This sequence explores the elements of innate and acquired immune defense mecahnisms, …
This sequence explores the elements of innate and acquired immune defense mecahnisms, the cells involved, their development and maturation, and biomolecular cellular communication mechanisms required to successfully fight off infection.
This 4-lecture series covers the basics of the immune system, how T …
This 4-lecture series covers the basics of the immune system, how T cells work, how MHC proteins affect our susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, and the relationship between the immune system and infectious diseases.
This is a module framework. It can be viewed online or downloaded …
This is a module framework. It can be viewed online or downloaded as a zip file.
As taught Autumn semester 2009.
Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The body fights infection through the functions of the immune system, whose power has been harnessed by the development of vaccination (immunisation).
Suitable for study at: Undergraduate levels 1 and 2.
Dr Ian Todd, School of Molecular Medical Sciences.
Dr Ian Todd is Associate Professor & Reader in Cellular Immunopathology at The University of Nottingham. After reading Biochemistry at The University of Oxford, he carried out research for his PhD in Immunology at University College London. He then undertook post-doctoral research at The Oregon Health Sciences University and The Middlesex Hospital Medical School. His main research interest is in the molecular and cellular bases of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. He is a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy and a recipient of the Lord Dearing Award for Teaching & Learning.
Important Copyright Information:
All images, tables and figures in this resource were reproduced from 'Lecture Notes Immunology' April 2010, 6th Edition, published by Wiley-Blackwell and with full permission of the co-author and faculty member, Dr Ian Todd.
No image, table or figure in this resource can be reproduced without prior permission from publishers Wiley-Blackwell.
Learning Objectives in this unit: Distinguish between signs and symptoms of disease …
Learning Objectives in this unit:
Distinguish between signs and symptoms of disease Explain the difference between a communicable disease and a noncommunicable disease Compare different types of infectious diseases, including iatrogenic, nosocomial, and zoonotic diseases Identify and describe the stages of an acute infectious disease in terms of number of pathogens present and severity of signs and symptoms Summarize Koch’s postulates and molecular Koch’s postulates, respectively, and explain their significance and limitations Explain the concept of pathogenicity (virulence) in terms of infectious and lethal dose Distinguish between primary and opportunistic pathogens and identify specific examples of each Summarize the stages of pathogenesis Explain the roles of portals of entry and exit in the transmission of disease and identify specific examples of these portals Explain how virulence factors contribute to signs and symptoms of infectious disease Differentiate between endotoxins and exotoxins Describe and differentiate between various types of exotoxins Describe the mechanisms viruses use for adhesion and antigenic variation Describe virulence factors unique to fungi and parasites Compare virulence factors of fungi and bacteria Explain the difference between protozoan parasites and helminths Describe how helminths evade the host immune system
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