Biology 2e is designed to cover the scope and sequence requirements of a typical two-semester biology course for science majors. The text provides comprehensive coverage of foundational research and core biology concepts through an evolutionary lens. Biology includes rich features that engage students in scientific inquiry, highlight careers in the biological sciences, and offer everyday applications. The book also includes various types of practice and homework questions that help students understand—and apply—key concepts. The 2nd edition has been revised to incorporate clearer, more current, and more dynamic explanations, while maintaining the same organization as the first edition. Art and illustrations have been substantially improved, and the textbook features additional assessments and related resources.

By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:

Explain the “central dogma” of DNA-protein synthesis
Describe the genetic code and how the nucleotide sequence prescribes the amino acid and the protein sequence

This activity begins with sections that help students to understand basic principles of genetics, including (1) how genotype influences phenotype via the effects of genes on protein structure and function and (2) how genes are transmitted from parents to offspring through the processes of meiosis and fertilization. Then, a coin flip activity models the probabilistic nature of inheritance and Punnett square predictions; this helps students understand why the characteristics of children in many real families deviate from Punnett square predictions. Additional concepts covered include polygenic inheritance, incomplete dominance, and how a new mutation can result in a genetic condition that was not inherited. This activity helps students meet the Next Generation Science Standards.

Genetics is the branch of biology that studies the means by which traits are passed on from one generation to the next and the causes of similarities and differences between related individuals. In this course, the student will take a close look at chromosomes, DNA, and genes. The student will learn how hereditary information is transferred, how it can change, how it can lead to human disease and be tested to indicate disease, and much more. Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: give a brief synopsis of the history of genetics by explaining the fundamental genetic concepts covered in this course as they were discovered through time; identify the links between Mendel's discoveries (often represented by Punnett squares) with mitosis and meiosis, dominance, penetrance, and linkage; recognize the role of simple probability in genetic inheritance; apply advanced genetic concepts, including genetic mapping and transposons, to practical applications, including pedigree analysis and corn kernel color; identify the cause behind several genetic diseases currently prevalent in society (such as color blindness and hemophilia) and recognize the importance of genetic illness throughout history; compare and contrast advanced concepts of chromosomal, bacterial, human, and population genetics; recognize the similarities and differences between nuclear, chloroplast, and mitochondrial DNA; describe the fundamentals of population genetics, calculate gene frequencies in a give scenario, predict future gene frequencies over future generations, and define the role of evolution in gene frequency shift over time; recall, analyze, synthesize, and build on the foundational material to then learn the cutting-edge technological advances in genetics, including genomics, population and evolutionary genetics, and QTL mapping. (Biology 305)

Genetics Construction Kit is a simulation of a classic Mendelian genetics laboratory. It provides students with a set of organisms with unknown patterns of inheritance, and gives them the tools to design and perform a series of experiments to discover these inheritance patterns.Students will be able to cross the unknown organisms and analyze their crosses in ways much like those used by practicing scientists.GCK provides several tools for analyzing and organizing data: * Vial Summary Chart summarizes the contents of a vial or set of vials * Cross Matrix records the crosses made so far and indexes the vials generated by these crosses * Chi Squared Worksheet allows students to test whether observed numbers differ significantly from the ratio expected under a given hypothesis.GCK comes with several predefined problems designed to present a different aspect of genetics or to illustrate a particular problem. In addition, by using the problem editing utility, it is possible to customize a problem to meet your specific needs.

With the Genetics Tool, you can: * Cross two organisms * Self-cross one organism * Create mutant versions of one organismWith the Biochemistry Tool, you can: * Look at the structures and colors of the pigment proteins found in one organism * Design proteins and observe their shapes and colors * Compare the amino acid sequences of different pigment proteinsWith the Molecular Biology Tool, you can: * Look at the DNA, mRNA and protein sequences of pigment protein genes * Design genes and observe the colors of the resulting proteins by editing the top DNA strand * Compare the DNA sequences of different pigment protein genes * Create new organisms by specifying their DNA sequences