Multivariable Calculus is an expansion of Single-Variable Calculus in that it extends single variable calculus to higher dimensions. This course begins with a fresh look at limits and continuity, moves to derivatives and the process of generalizing them to higher dimensions, and finally examines multiple integrals (integration over regions of space as opposed to intervals). Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to: Define and identify vectors; Define and compute dot and cross-products; Solve problems involving the geometry of lines, curves, planes, and surfaces in space; Define and compute velocity and acceleration in space; Define and solve Kepler's Second Law; Define and compute partial derivatives; Define and determine tangent planes and level curves; Define and compute least squares; Define and determine boundaries and infinity; Define and determine differentials and the directional derivative; Define and compute the gradient and the directional derivative; Define, determine, and apply Lagrange multipliers to solve problems; Define and compute partial differential equations; Define and evaluate double integrals; Use rectangular coordinates to solve problems in multivariable calculus; Use polar coordinates to solve problems in multivariable calculus; Use change of variables to evaluate integrals; Define and use vector fields and line integrals to solve problems in multivariable calculus; Define and verify conservative fields and path independence; Define and determine gradient fields and potential functions; Use Green's Theorem to evaluate and solve problems in multivariable calculus; Define flux; Define and evaluate triple integrals; Define and use rectangular coordinates in space; Define and use cylindrical coordinates; Define and use spherical coordinates; Define and correctly manipulate vector fields in space; Evaluate surface integrals and relate them to flux; Use the Divergence Theorem (Gauss' Theorem) to solve problems in multivariable calculus; Define and evaluate line integrals in space; Apply Stokes' Theorem to solve problems in multivariable calculus; Properly apply Maxwell's Equations to solve problems. (Mathematics 103)

This book covers the standard material for a one-semester course in multivariable calculus. The topics include curves, differentiability and partial derivatives, multiple integrals, vector fields, line and surface integrals, and the theorems of Green, Stokes, and Gauss. Roughly speaking the book is organized into three main parts corresponding to the type of function being studied: vector-valued functions of one variable, real-valued functions of many variables, and finally the general case of vector-valued functions of many variables. As is always the case, the most productive way for students to learn is by doing problems, and the book is written to get to the exercises as quickly as possible. The presentation is geared towards students who enjoy learning mathematics for its own sake. As a result, there is a priority placed on understanding why things are true and a recognition that, when details are sketched or omitted, that should be acknowledged. Otherwise the level of rigor is fairly normal. Matrices are introduced and used freely. Prior experience with linear algebra is helpful, but not required.

This course covers differential, integral and vector calculus for functions of more than one variable. These mathematical tools and methods are used extensively in the physical sciences, engineering, economics and computer graphics.

This course is a continuation of 18.014. It covers the same material as 18.02 (Multivariable Calculus), but at a deeper level, emphasizing careful reasoning and understanding of proofs. There is considerable emphasis on linear algebra and vector integral calculus.

This class introduces elementary programming concepts including variable types, data structures, and flow control. After an introduction to linear algebra and probability, it covers numerical methods relevant to mechanical engineering, including approximation (interpolation, least squares and statistical regression), integration, solution of linear and nonlinear equations, ordinary differential equations, and deterministic and probabilistic approaches. Examples are drawn from mechanical engineering disciplines, in particular from robotics, dynamics, and structural analysis. Assignments require MATLAB programming.

Introduction to numerical methods: interpolation, differentiation, integration, systems of linear equations. Solution of differential equations by numerical integration, partial differential equations of inviscid hydrodynamics: finite difference methods, panel methods. Fast Fourier Transforms. Numerical representation of sea waves. Computation of the motions of ships in waves. Integral boundary layer equations and numerical solutions.

Optimal, Integral, Likely is a free, open-source textbook intended for UBC’s course MATH 105: Integral Calculus with Applications to Commerce and Social Sciences. It is shared under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Optimal, Integral, Likely is a free, open-source textbook intended for UBC’s course MATH 105: Integral Calculus with Applications to Commerce and Social Sciences. It is shared under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

1 Vectors and Geometry in Two & Three Dimensions
2 Partial Derivatives
3 Integration
4 Probability
5 Sequence and Series
A Proofs and Supplements
B High school material

From the preface, "These are notes for a course in precalculus, as it is taught at New York City College of Technology - CUNY (where it is offered under the course number MAT 1375). Our approach is calculator based. For this, we will use the currently standard TI-84 calculator, and in particular, many of the examples will be explained and solved with it. However, we want to point out that there are also many other calculators that are suitable for the purpose of this course and many of these alternatives have similar functionalities as the calculator that we have chosen to use. An introduction to the TI-84 calculator together with the most common applications needed for this course is provided in appendix A. In the future we may expand on this by providing introductions to other calculators or computer algebra systems."

Also available here: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/ny_oers/1/

Table of Contents
I Functions and graphs

1 The absolute value
2 Lines and functions
3 Functions by formulas and graphs
4 Introduction to the TI-84
5 Basic functions and transformations
6 Operations on functions
7 The inverse of a function
II Polynomials and rational functions

8 Dividing polynomials
9 Graphing polynomials
10 Roots of polynomials
11 Rational functions
12 Polynomial and rational inequalities
III Exponential and logarithmic functions

13 Exponential and logarithmic functions
14 Properties of exp and log
15 Applications of exp and log
16 Half-life and compound interest
IV Trigonometric functions

17 Trigonometric functions
18 Addition of angles and multiple angles
19 Inverse trigonometric functions
20 Trigonometric equations
V Complex numbers, sequences, and the binomial theorem

21 Complex numbers
22 Vectors in the plane
23 Sequences and series
24 The geometric series
25 The binomial theorem

Open source precalculus textbook.

able of Contents
1 Relations and Functions
2 Linear and Quadratic Functions
3 Polynomial Functions
4 Rational Functions
5 Further Topics in Functions
6 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
7 Hooked on Conics
8 Systems of Equations and Matrices
9 Sequences and the Binomial Theorem
10 Foundations of Trigonometry
11 Applications of Trigonometry

Access also available here: http://www.stitz-zeager.com/index.html

Prior to 1990, the performance of a student in precalculus at the University of Washington was not a predictor of success in calculus. For this reason, the mathematics department set out to create a new course with a specific set of goals in mind:

A review of the essential mathematics needed to succeed in calculus.
An emphasis on problem solving, the idea being to gain both experience and confidence in working with a particular set of mathematical tools.
This text was created to achieve these goals and the 2004-05 academic year marks the eleventh year in which it has been used. Several thousand students have successfully passed through the course.

This book is full of worked out examples. We use the the notation “Soluion.” to indicate where the reasoning for a problem begins; the symbol ?? is used to indicate the end of the solution to a problem. There is a Table of Contents that is useful in helping you find a topic treated earlier in the course. It is also a good rough outline when it comes time to study for the final examination. The book also includes an index at the end. Finally, there is an appendix at the end of the text with ”answers” to most of the problems in the text. It should be emphasized these are ”answers” as opposed to ”solutions”. Any homework problems you may be asked to turn in will require you include all your work; in other words, a detailed solution. Simply writing down the answer from the back of the text would never be sufficient; the answers are intended to be a guide to help insure you are on the right track.

From the preface, "These are notes for a course in precalculus, as it is taught at New York City College of Technology - CUNY (where it is offered under the course number MAT 1375). Our approach is calculator based. For this, we will use the currently standard TI-84 calculator, and in particular, many of the examples will be explained and solved with it. However, we want to point out that there are also many other calculators that are suitable for the purpose of this course and many of these alternatives have similar functionalities as the calculator that we have chosen to use. An introduction to the TI-84 calculator together with the most common applications needed for this course is provided in appendix A. In the future we may expand on this by providing introductions to other calculators or computer algebra systems."

Precalculus 1 & 2 / Trigonometry provides a study of functions and their graphs, including polynomial, rational, exponential, and logarithmic functions. Additionally, right-triangle trigonometry, trigonometric functions and their applications are covered.

Precalculus: An Investigation of Functions is a free, open textbook covering a two-quarter pre-calculus sequence including trigonometry. The first portion of the book is an investigation of functions, exploring the graphical behavior of, interpretation of, and solutions to problems involving linear, polynomial, rational, exponential, and logarithmic functions. An emphasis is placed on modeling and interpretation, as well as the important characteristics needed in calculus.

Access also available here: http://www.opentextbookstore.com/precalc/

Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Functions
Chapter 2: Linear Functions
Chapter 3: Polynomial and Rational Functions
Chapter 4: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Chapter 5: Trigonometric Functions of Angles
Chapter 6: Periodic Functions
Chapter 7: Trigonometric Equations and Identities
Chapter 8: Further Applications of Trigonometry

Precalculus: An Investigation of Functions is a free, open textbook covering a two-quarter pre-calculus sequence including trigonometry. The first portion of the book is an investigation of functions, exploring the graphical behavior of, interpretation of, and solutions to problems involving linear, polynomial, rational, exponential, and logarithmic functions. An emphasis is placed on modeling and interpretation, as well as the important characteristics needed in calculus.

Precalculus I is designed to prepare you for Precalculus II, Calculus, Physics, and higher math and science courses. In this course, the main focus is on five types of functions: linear, polynomial, rational, exponential, and logarithmic. In accompaniment with these functions, you will learn how to solve equations and inequalities, graph, find domains and ranges, combine functions, and solve a multitude of real-world applications.

This course is oriented toward US high school students. Mathematics comes together in this course. You enter precalculus with an abundant array of experience in mathematics, and this course offers an opportunity to make connections among the big ideas you encountered earlier. It also assists you in developing fluency with the tools used in learning calculus.

This course is designed to introduce the student to the rigorous examination of the real number system and the foundations of calculus. Analysis lies at the heart of the trinity of higher mathematics algebra, analysis, and topology because it is where the other two fields meet. Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to: Use set notation and quantifiers correctly in mathematical statements and proofs; Use proof by induction or contradiction when appropriate; Define the rational numbers, the natural numbers, and the real numbers, and understand their relationship to one another; Define the well-ordering principle the completeness/supremum property of the real line, and the Archimedean property; Prove the existence of irrational numbers; Define supremum and infimum; Correctly and fluently manipulate expressions with absolute value and state the triangle inequality; Define and identify injective, surjective, and bijective mappings; Name the various cardinalities of sets and identify the cardinality of a given set; Define Euclidean space and vector space and show that Euclidean space is a vector space; Define the complex numbers and manipulate them algebraically; Write equations for lines and planes in Euclidean space; Define a normed linear space, a norm, and an inner product; Define metric spaces, open sets; define open, closed, and bounded sets; define cluster points; define density; Define convergence of sequences and prove or disprove the convergence of given sequences; Prove and use properties of limits; Prove standard results about closures, intersections, and unions of open and closed sets; Define compactness using both open covers and sequences; State and prove the Heine-Borel Theorem; State the Bolzano-Weierstrass Theorem; State and use the Cantor Finite Intersection Property; Define Cauchy sequence and prove that specific sequences are Cauchy; Define completeness and prove that Euclidean space with the standard metric is complete; Show that convergent sequences are Cauchy; Define limit superior and limit inferior; Define convergence of series using the Cauchy criterion and use the comparison, ratio, and root tests to show convergence of series; Define continuity and state, prove, and use properties of limits of continuous functions, including the fact that continuous functions attain extreme values on compact sets; Define divergence of functions to infinity and use properties of infinite limits; State and prove the intermediate value property; Define uniform continuity and show that given functions are or are not uniformly continuous; Give standard examples of discontinuous functions, such as the Dirichlet function; Define connectedness and identify connected and disconnected sets Construct the Cantor ternary set and state its properties; Distinguish between pointwise and uniform convergence; Prove that if a sequence of continuous functions converges uniformly, their limit is also continuous; Define derivatives of real- and extended-real-valued functions; Compute derivatives using the limit definition and prove basic properties of derivatives; State the Mean Value Theorem and use it in proofs; Construct the Riemann Integral and state its properties; State the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and use it in proofs; Define pointwise and uniform convergence of series of functions; Use the Weierstrass M-Test to check for uniform convergence of series; Construct Taylor Series and state Taylor's Theorem; Identify necessary and sufficient conditions for term-by-term differentiation of power series. (Mathematics 241)