This course examines various topics related to the American presidency and the executive branch. The course focuses on the origins of the office, the components of the Constitution that pertain to presidential power, learning about several important Supreme Court cases regarding these powers and the limits thereof. Next, the course will examine presidential elections, different models of White House organization, the president's interactions with the other branches of government, the office of the vice presidency, and the evolution of the presidency over the years since its founding. The course will also focus on the president's relationship with government bureaucracy and his cabinet, including nominations and oversight. Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to: discuss the constitutional foundations of the presidency and the executive branch; explain the concept of separation of powers; discuss the legal history of expanded presidential power; explain how the Electoral College works; debate various reform proposals for the Electoral College; analyze the role of the party system in presidential elections; explain the presidential nomination process; discuss the role of primaries and caucuses in nominating presidential candidates; analyze proposed and enacted reforms to the presidential nominating system; compare and contrast primary and general elections; discuss the evolution of the modern presidency; analyze the managerial tools and models utilized by presidents; explain the concept of checks and balances; assess the political and policy interactions between the president and Congress; explain the role of the president and Congress in the Supreme Court nomination process; describe the role and function of the office of the vice president; describe the role and function of the presidential Cabinet; analyze the role of the Executive Office of the president in the political and policymaking process; explain how the president utilizes the Office of Management and Budget in shaping fiscal policy; discuss the political and policy challenges within the presidential appointment process; describe the organization of the federal bureaucracy; discuss the role and function of regulatory agencies and government corporations within the federal bureaucracy; describe the internal and external constraints on the bureaucratic process; analyze scholarly interpretations of presidential power; discuss the various leadership strategies utilized by various presidents; analyze the psychological dynamics of the presidential personality. (Political Science 332)

"This course provides an introduction to the chemistry of biological, inorganic, and organic molecules.ĺĘTheĺĘemphasis isĺĘon basic principles of atomic and molecular electronic structure, thermodynamics, acid-base and redox equilibria, chemical kinetics, and catalysis. In an effort to illuminate connections between chemistry and biology, a list of the biology-, medicine-, and MIT research-related examples used in 5.111 is provided in Biology-Related Examples. Acknowledgements Development and implementation of the biology-related materials in this course were funded through an HHMI Professors grant to Prof. Catherine L. Drennan."

The purpose of this course is to provide the student with a fundamental understanding of the principles of macroeconomics. Macroeconomists study how a country's economy works and try to determine the best choices to improve the overall wellbeing of a nation. Typical topics include inflation (the overall level of prices), employment, fiscal policy (government taxing and spending), and money and banking (interest rates and lending policies). By studying macroeconomics and understanding the critical ideas and tools used to measure economic data, the student will have a better perspective on the issues and problems discussed in contemporary economics. Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to: Discuss key macroeconomic concerns, including national income accounting, saving and investment, and market forces; Describe the determinants of total output and the ways to measure nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as well as real GDP; Compare and contrast definitions of total employment and unemployment, the three forms of unemployment, and inflation; Explain different ways of computing the general movement in prices, and define the relationship between inflation and unemployment; Explain the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply; Analyze the government's role in the economy and examine how it uses its fiscal policy and monetary policy to influence macroeconomic variables in order to enable macro and micro economic stability; Describe the mechanics of money supply in detail. They will specifically be able to identify different types of money; explain the money creation process, the money multiplier, and the process of interest rate determination; and discuss the role of the Federal Reserve System and its tools of monetary policy; Identify and analyze major theories of economic growth; Analyze various strategies for developing of less-developed nations; Present the concepts behind international trade. (Economics 102; See also: Business Administration 201)

With this free video resource, students will explore the economic way of thinking, and the role incentives play in all our lives through engaging Hollywood production style videos.

Educators can use MRU's videos in a variety of ways, to include “flipping” the classroom, as study aids, supplementary material, concept reinforcement, or even as a full course offering.

In MRU's Principles of Macroeconomics course, we’ll cover fundamental questions such as: Why do some countries grow rich while others remain poor? How important is a country’s banking system — and what happened during the recent financial crisis? How did Zimbabwe end up with an inflation rate that rose into the quadrillions?

We’ll also cover important topics like the Federal Reserve, monetary policy, fiscal policy, the Solow Growth Model, institutional analysis, the “economics of ideas,” and more.

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What is Marginal Revolution University (MRU)?

Many of us can remember our first great economics teacher who fundamentally changed how we see the world. At MRU, we try and deliver that experience to millions worldwide through video.

Founded as a nonprofit in 2012 by George Mason University economics professors Tyler Cowen and Alex Tabarrok, MRU is building the world’s largest online library of free economics education videos -- currently weighing in at more than 800 videos.

The purpose of this course is to provide the student with a basic understanding of the principles of microeconomics. At its core, the study of economics deals with the choices and decisions that have to be made in order to manage scarce resources available to us. Microeconomics is the branch of economics that pertains to decisions made at the individual level, i.e. by individual consumers or individual firms, after evaluating resources, costs, and tradeoffs. "The economy" refers to the marketplace or system in which these choices interact with one another. In this course, the student will learn how and why these decisions are made and how they affect one another in the economy. Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: Think intuitively about economic problems; Identify how individual economic agents make rational choices given scarce resources and will know how to optimize the use of resources at hand; Understand some simplistic economic models related to Production, Trade, and the Circular Flow of Resources; Analyze and apply the mechanics of Demand and Supply for Individuals, Firms, and the Market; Apply the concept of Marginal Analysis in order to make optimal choices and identify whether the choices are 'efficient' or 'equitable'; Apply the concept of Elasticity as a measure of responsiveness to various variables; Identify the characteristic differences amongst various market structures, namely, Perfectly Competitive Markets, Non-Competitive Markets, and Imperfectly Competitive Markets and understand the differences in their operation; Analyze how the Demand and Supply technique works for the Resource Markets. (Economics 101; See also: Business Administration 200)

With this free video resource, students will be exposed to the economic way of thinking. Students will understand how to use economics in their lives and, ultimately, you’ll see the world differently-- all through engaging Hollywood production style videos.

Educators can use MRU's videos in a variety of ways, to include “flipping” the classroom, as study aids, supplementary material, concept reinforcement, or even as a full course offering.

In MRU's Principles of Microeconomics course, covers fundamental concepts like supply and demand and equilibrium. We also answer questions such as: How are prices determined? What did Adam Smith mean when he said the market process works like an “invisible hand”? How is it that we have access to fresh roses in very cold cities every Valentine’s Day? All key topics are covered to include competition, monopoly, price discrimination, externalities, public goods and more.

There are no prerequisites for this course, and it is accessible to beginners.

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What is Marginal Revolution University (MRU)?

Many of us can remember our first great economics teacher who fundamentally changed how we see the world. At MRU, we try and deliver that experience to millions worldwide through video.

Founded as a nonprofit in 2012 by George Mason University economics professors Tyler Cowen and Alex Tabarrok, MRU is building the world’s largest online library of free economics education videos -- currently weighing in at more than 800 videos.

This course teaches students to conduct a systematic exploratory analysis for complex policy
problems in a multi-actor environment. The goal of such an exploratory analysis is to develop a
better understanding of the various dimensions involved in a complex problem, based on which an
agenda for meaningful further in-depth analysis activities can be developed.
The course consists of a part containing methods and applications, and a part containing theory to
provide insight into the capabilities and limitations of policy analyses within a multi-actor process.
Upon successful completion of the course, the student is able to structure complex policy problems
and set up an agenda for meaningful subsequent analysis.

This collection of Welding documents was developed by specialized subject matter experts who understand the full impact and methodology of working with and teaching Welding courses. Documents in the collection include: Weld Joint Design and Preparation, Shielded Metal Arc Welding, Shielded Metal Arc Welding - Project 1, Shielded Metal Arc Welding - Project 2, Shielded Metal Arc Welding - Project 3, and Shielded Metal Arc Welding - Project 4. (Source: Multi-State Advanced Manufacturing Consortium (copyright owner), Skills Commons' website).

This course covers the entire family of programming languages, starting with an introduction to programming languages in general and a discussion of the features and functionality that make up a modern programming language. Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to: identify the common concepts used to create programming languages; compare and contrast factors and commands that affect the programming state illustrate how execution ordering affects programming; identify the basic objects and constructs in Object-Oriented Programming; explain the characteristics of pure functional functions in functional programming; describe the structures and components utilized in logical programming. (Computer Science 404)

De cursus 'Project Maritieme industrie' is een cursus speciaal voor beginnende studenten Maritieme Techniek. Tijdens deze cursus wordt de student bekend gemaakt met de TU Delft, met name met het onderwijsprogramma Maritieme Techniek. Er wordt gevraagd een vervoersconcept te onwikkelen, op basis van een vervoersvraag en een aantal randvoorwaarden. Hierbij behorend dient de student een scheepsconcept te ontwikkelen.

Psychotherapy refers to the practices clinical psychologists use to treat mental disorders. While 'therapy' can denote any intervention undertaken with the goal of healing someone (including medicinal treatments for physical problems), psychotherapy is specific in that it uses certain cognitive, behavioral, and emotional regulation techniques. Upon successful completion of this course the student will be able to: Define psychotherapy and describe the historical development of its practice; Identify the qualities most useful in a psychotherapist; Discuss the different ways in which psychotherapy affects both patient/client and counselor/therapist; Describe how each theory/therapy conceptualizes a) human nature, b) psychopathology, and c) the therapeutic change process; Identify the major therapeutic techniques used to promote change in each type of therapy; Compare and contrast individual theories/therapies with family theories/therapies; Describe a) the important historical figures associated with each theory and b) the historical context in which the theory emerged.

The study of public policy offers every citizen an understanding of the various roles played by the different branches of the U.S. federal government as well as by state, county, and local governments in various areas of contemporary American life. It focuses on the priorities of American society as portrayed in the public policy choices that representatives make and the size of different interest groups that advocate on behalf of particular policy goals. This course will introduce this various actors involved in the making of American public policy, explore public policy formulation by examining a variety of case studies, and examine the implementation of public policies, the allocation of funding to pay for these projects, and the evaluation of these projects to determine their effectiveness. The rest of the course will examine specific case studies and areas of public policy. Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: demonstrate a working knowledge of various key concepts in the process of American public policymaking and the major steps from start to finish in the public policy process; identify vital issues and specific areas of concern for contemporary American policymakers within the broad fields of economic, national security, public health, environmental, education, rural, and social policy; identify key actors and agencies involved in the making of public policy within the United States and their respective roles in the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of policy; demonstrate skills in the analysis of the various political, social, economic, military, legal, and ethical goals and cultural values that form the basis of policymaking decisions; identify key debates in contemporary American public policy as well as the issues at stake and the arguments advanced by each side of the debate; demonstrate an understanding of various decision frameworks used by policymakers in creating, developing, and executing various public policies; demonstrate an understanding of the context, evolution, and linkages of specific policies and between certain polices within the broader context of American political history. (Political Science 431)

The purpose of this course is to systematically examine the elements and factors which result in an effective speech. Tying these together are the themes of information and ethics, emphasized in each resource because they are becoming increasingly important to all communicators. Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: resolve ethical issues involving speech preparation and presentation; recommend techniques for resolving issues, which may interfere with active listening; identify the most effective speech topics, qualities, content, and delivery techniques based on the specific characteristics of an audience; evaluate the effectiveness of speeches for different types of audiences; use online and library-based research to find and critique the credibility of sources of information; cite sources of information appropriately, accurately, and clearly in both spoken and written contexts; choose the most effective pattern of organization for presenting different types of information to a listening audience; evaluate the effectiveness of supporting details or evidence based on the main ideas or arguments they are used to support; choose the most appropriate pattern for organizing a persuasive speech, based on the relationship between arguments and evidence or the relationship between the topic and the audience; identify whether the functions of an introduction or conclusion have been fulfilled and will be effective when presented to a specific type of audience; create keyword and sentence outlines for informative and persuasive speeches; revise a passage written for readers so that it can be delivered effectively and engagingly to listeners; identify and use techniques to improve the fluidity and clarity of verbal delivery; recognize non-verbal techniques that communicate the speakerĺÎĺ_ĺĚĺ_s confidence and credibility in a sample speech; demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of effective, ethical public speaking by accurately and thoroughly assessing the qualities of entire informative, persuasive, and special occasion speeches. This free course may be completed online at any time. (Communication 101)

Selection of aural Italian grammar lessons (podcasts). Grammar examples and dialogs are built upon the escapades of Arlecchino, Pulcinella, and other masks of the Italian Commedia dell'arte. Lessons feature topical grammar discussions, dramatic readings, pdf grammar notes ... and general audio zaniness.

When two different strains of influenza infect a single cell, their genetic material can mix freely, resulting in a new third strain of influenza.

This course intends to acquaint the student with a variety of different research techniques. In this lab course, the student will put research and experimental design concepts into practice while conducting laboratory experiments. In addition to review of concepts developed in the Research Methods lecture course, this lab will also broach a number of practical matters, including the standard organizational format for research project documentation. (Psychology 202B)

This course introduces some of the basic research tools in the political scientistĺÎĺ_ĺĚĺ_s ĺÎĺ_ĺĚĄ_tool kitĺÎĺ_ĺĚĺÎĺ and discusses why and how certain tools are used to explore certain phenomena. Upon successful completion of this course, you will be able to: describe the relationship between the scientific method and political science; formulate research questions, theories, and hypotheses; describe the basics of the standard research approaches in political science; evaluate the soundness of a research design; perform basic statistical analyses; execute basic research in the political science discipline. This free course may be completed online at any time. (Political Science 251)

In this course the student will study the architecture of Ancient Rome beginning with its origins in the eighth century BC and continuing through the fourth century AD with the move of the Roman capital to Constantinople. The course will familiarize you with the major building methods and styles used in Roman architecture as well as interior decoration. Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: demonstrate an understanding of the general arc of the history of ancient Rome; identify the major historical events in ancient Roman history and the emperors who presided during these events; demonstrate an understanding of the vital role that imagery, especially architecture, played in Rome's political and cultural world; identify the origins of various styles that the Romans borrowed and explain how they were re-purposed; identify the major stylistic developments from Rome's origins to its demise; identify the styles that were popular under the rule of different emperors, and explain how those styles relate to a political ideology; discuss the different building techniques used by the Romans and explain how the development of new techniques changed the appearance of Roman architecture; demonstrate an understanding of the different provinces of the Roman Empire and the ways in which regional differences are apparent in architecture; identify specific monuments and be able to provide basic identifying information: title, date, location, architects (if known), patron; explain the importance of Roman architecture in shaping the architecture of later Western civilizations. (Art History 409)

Sensation and perception are the processes by which we absorb information from environmental stimuli and convert it into data that our brains and bodies use to modify behavior. This course begins with sensation, the physical process by which we use our sense organs to respond to the environmental stimuli around us. Perception refers to our interpretation of stimuli. In this course, the student will identify the ways in which these processes can fail, the biology of both the hearing system and the visual system, and how the other senses (smell, taste, and touch) affect perception. Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: describe the sensory systems; distinguish between sensation and perception; explain how sensory and perceptual processes shape our experience of 'reality;' explain the basic principles of classical psychophysics; explain how sensation and perception relate to cognition; explain how human sensory systems respond to energy in the physical environment (i.e. light waves, air pressure, chemical molecules, etc.), transforming it into a perceptual experience that the brain can understand (i.e. sight, sound, smell, etc.); compare and contrast the major theoretical perspectives on sensation and perception, including direct perception, indirect perception, and the information processing perspective; compare and contrast the five sensory systems in terms of their sensory/anatomical set-up and perceptual organization; explain the roles of evolution, development, society, prior knowledge, and inference in our perceptual judgments and our conscious experiences; identify and define the leading terms, concepts, theoretical perspectives, empirical findings, and historical trends in the study of sensation and perception; compare and contrast psychological principles, theories, and methods as they pertain to sensory and neurological systems; critically read, understand, and evaluate scientific literature, understand and use scientific and technical vocabulary, and synthesize information from multiple sources. (Psychology 306)

Linda Gates, Professor of Voice at Northwestern University (USA) discusses how Shakespeare's poetry and plays lend themselves to vocal performance by discussing how breath can be used to 'punctuate the thought'. This audio recording is part the Interviews on Great Writers series presented by Oxford University Podcasts.