“Every program depends on algorithms and data structures, but few programs depend on the invention of brand new ones.”! “I will, in fact, claim that the difference between a bad programmer and a good one is whether he considers his code or his data structures more important. Bad programmers worry about the code. Good programmers worry about data structures and their relationships.”!

This course introduces students to data structures and algorithms, and how data structures can be created and used. The application of data structures will be presented on the basis of various algorithms. This course teaches learners the way information is organized in the computer and which have an impact on the performance of the computer. The purpose of this course is to provide the students with solid foundations in the basic concepts of programming: data structures and algorithms. The main objective of the course is to teach the students how to select and design data structures and algorithms that are appropriate for problems that they might encounter. This course is also about showing the correctness of algorithms and studying their computational complexities. This course offers the students a mixture of theoretical knowledge and practical experience. The study of data structures and algorithms is carried out within an object-oriented framework. When implementations are considered, the Java programming language is used.

This course focuses on basic and advanced techniques on data warehousing and data mining, the study of the processing, modelling, querying, organizing, classifying documents, identifying association rules and categorization.

The module examines the changes that take place in human beings across a broad range of areas including cognitive development, language development, personality and social development. In all these topics, the main focus is on the adolescent, the learner you will handle as a teacher.

This module consists of four units, namely Introduction to Ordinary differential equations, higher order ordinary differential equations, power series solutions and special functions and partial differential equations and their applications. In unit one both first and second order equations are discussed and their solutions obtained with a variety of techniques. in unit two both homogeneous and non-homogeneous higher order equations are considered and a variety of solution techniques are discussed. Some of these techniques include the variation of parameters, the method of undetermined coefficients and the inverse operators. In unit three series solutions of differential equations are discussed. Also discussed special functions of mathematical physics. In unit four we look at partial differential equations and their solution by separation of variables.Other topics discussed are Laplace transforms, Fourier series, Fourier transforms and their applications.

Welcome to Digital Electronics

In this module, learners will be introduced to analog and digital signals and how they are represented and used in electronic circuits and devices.

Module Goals

Upon completion of this course the learner should be able to:

• Demonstrate understanding of analog and digital signals and their representations.

• Perform analytic expression and minimization of Boolean functions.

• Design, build and test combinational and sequential circuits.

• Demonstrate an understating of microprocessor and microcontroller based systems.

In this module you will learn how organisms interact with one another and how they interact with the environment. Key ecological concepts in the organisation of organisms, population growth and community dynamics which are important components of pre-university ecology curriculum will be also covered. The module is tailored for delivery using ICT and on completion you will be ready to design relevant courses in ecology and to undertake further studies in environmental sciences.

Contrary to what many believe or think, effective teaching involves a systematically structured dialogue between the teachers and the learners. Teachers do not just deliver content to learners. Their preparedness, mannerisms and classroom organization is key to their success. A clear understanding of communication gadgets, structures and processes, therefore, becomes critical to this success. Computer applications and how teachers and learners can use them to produce/improvise instructional media materials are also presented.

This module – Educational Evaluation and Testing – is intended to enable you have the ability to understand the principles and concepts of the different types of educational evaluation. This is introduction course, and therefore, you will not be expected to become an expert in educational evaluation and testing. However, you will be able to understand the processes of evaluation, measurement and testing in a better a manner. You will be able to plan and conduct evaluation and testing on the basis of sound principles and practices. By the end of the module, you will be able to understand the interconnections between/among curriculum, goals, objectives, testing and evaluation. You will also have new perspective on how to use evaluation results.

This module deals with educational management. It discusses the organizational and administrative structure. Theories of educational administration are then presented followed by functions of management. The last part of the module deals with educational policies and their implication to educational management. The specific unit of each module deals with the following aspects:

• Unit I Discusses organizational and administrative structure

• Unit II Outlines Historical Development of Management

• Unit III Deals with the theories of educational management

• Unit IV Presents the functions of Management and discusses the educational policies and their implication to educational management.

As a prerequisite to study this module, you need a background of high school physics; basic concepts of differential and integral calculus and vector methods. It might be a good idea to refersh your knowledge, if you feel that your knowledge of calculus and vector methods is inadquate then you need to consult any Mathematics book on calculus and vector analysis. However, you don’t have to despair as most of the content will be treated very simply that you may have no problem in following.

Electronics is the study of the flow of charge through various materials and devices such as, semiconductors, resistors, inductors, capacitors, nano-structures, and vacuum tubes. All applications of electronics involve the transmission of power and possibly information. Although considered to be a theoretical branch of physics, the design and construction of electronic circuits to solve practical problems is an essential technique in the fields of electronic engineering and computer engineering.

The study of new semiconductor devices and surrounding technology is sometimes considered a branch of physics. This module focuses on engineering aspects of electronics. Other important topics include electronic waste and occupational health impacts of semiconductor manufacturing.

This course of electronics is intended for students enrolling for pre-service and in-service students registering for BSc with Education and BEd degrees. As you may be aware, Electronics forms one the back bone of modern physics. The module has six units: Diode Circuits; Transistor Circuits; Operational Amplifiers; Digital Circuits; Data acquisition and Process Control; and Computers and Device Interconnection.

In the first unit/activity i.e. diodes circuits, students are expected to explain charge carrier generation, intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductors, formation and application of P-N junction, and to design and analyse diode circuits (e.g, power supply circuits).

In the second unit/activity i.e. Transistor circuits, the student is expected to explain how a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) works; Design and analyse basic BJT circuits in various configurations (CE, EB, CB); Explain how a junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) works ; Design and analyse JFET circuits in both configurations (CD, CS); Explain how MOSFET works and also be able to Design and analyse MOSFET circuits.

Emerging technologies are science-based innovations that hold the potential to create a new or improve an existing sector: (Day and Schoemaker(2000) in Rotolo,2016). Therefore, it involves the modern advances and innovations in various fields of technology. The technologies that derived radical innovations include the biotherapy, digital photography, high-temperature superconductors, the micro robots or mobile computing, plus evolving technologies formed by the convergence of the earlier separate areas of research like the magnetic resonance images, electronic banking, high definition TV and the Internet itself. Each of these technologies provide a rich source of market opportunity and the provision of the incentive for bold investments are made. It is in this context that fits this discipline seeking to guide the student to the main lines of research in applied computer science.

Massive amounts of chemicals produced by modern industries have given humankind an unprecedented standard of living and quality of life. However, this has also exerted a price of environmental degradation. To make a contribution to the improvement of environmental quality, individuals need to have some knowledge of environmental chemistry. Chemistry teachers are then expected to know and pass environmental knowledge to the society via their students.

The overall goal of this course is to gain an understanding of the fundamental chemical processes that are central to a range of important environmental problems and to utilize this knowledge in making critical evaluations of these problems. Specific goals include:

• An understanding of the chemistry of the stratospheric ozone layer and of the important ozone depletion processes.

• An understanding of the chemistry of important tropospheric processes, including photochemical smog and acid precipitation.

• An understanding of the basic physics of the greenhouse effect and of the sources and sinks of the family of greenhouse gases.

• An understanding of the nature, reactivity, and environmental fates of toxic organic chemicals.

• An understanding of societal implications of some environmental problems.

This is a course developed for students who are going to do evolution for the first time. Therefore, they should have working knowledge of the chromosome theory and the nature of meiosis with particular reference to recombination and its advantages in the process of reproduction. They should also be conversant with the principles and concepts of Mendelian and post Mendelian genetics to be able to describe such terms as genotype, phenotype and variation. This will require them to know that a gene is the unit of heredity and that it is located on the Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule. They should understand the structure and role of DNA, as the universal molecule that specifies the amino acid sequence of proteins in cells of organisms. This knowledge should be of an elementary type as described in Advanced Level Biology textbooks.

Upon completion of this course you will be able to :

• Identify and use familiar words and very basic phrases concerning myself, my family and immediate concrete surroundings when people speak slowly and clearly.

• Identify and use phrases and the highest frequency vocabulary related to areas of most immediate personal relevance (e.g. very basic personal and family information, shopping, local area, employment).

• catch the main point in short, clear, simple messages and announcements.

• read familiar names, words and very simple sentences, for example on notices and posters or in catalogues.

• read very short, simple texts.

• find specific, predictable information in simple everyday material such as advertisements, prospectuses, menus and timetables

• read short simple personal letters.

• interact in a simple way provided the other person is prepared to repeat or rephrase things at a slower rate of speech and help you formulate what you are trying to say.

• ask and answer simple questions in areas of immediate need or on very familiar topics.

• communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of information on familiar topics and activities.

• handle very short social exchanges, even though you may not understand enough to keep the conversation going yourself.

• use simple phrases and sentences to describe where you live and people you know.

• use a series of phrases and sentences to describe in simple terms your family and other people, living conditions, your educational background and your present or most recent job.

• write a short, simple postcard, for example sending holiday greetings.

• fill in forms with personal details, for example entering your name, nationality and address on a hotel registration form.

• write short, simple notes and messages.

• write a very simple personal letter, for example thanking someone for something.

I wish to welcome you to this course, known as, Fundamentals of Computer Organization and Architecture. This is a module where you will learn about the computer components, their functions and how they are interconnected. In the module, the functions and the design of the various computer functional units will be discussed. These concepts will help students to get some idea about Computer Organization and Architecture. The course will basically be dealing with the operational units of the computer and how they are interconnected using their architectural specifications.

In this module, the concept of light’s behavior when reflected from the same medium or at the interface between two different media will be treated.

The construction of images obtained through optical systems and different types of lenses will be discussed. Certain optical systems will be presented in this module: the eye, a magnifying glass, a microscope, a telescope, a camera, along with the way they work by calculating focal lengths, magnification and vergency (optical power). The module explains the comprehension and correction of vision problems: farsightedness, nearsightedness.

The next step will be to explain essential wave-related concepts, along with the way they interact. The observation that the pitch of sound from a siren changes when the source or receiver or both moves will be elucidated. The concept of phase will allow the understanding of phenomena such as interference or diffraction when two apparently identical phenomena are superimposed.

The Module on Geometry starts by looking at the historical development of knowledge that the humankind gather along centuries and became later, about 300 BC, the mathematical subject called “Euclidian Geometry” because of the great work of Euclid. The inductive-deductive reasoning which characterizes this subject will be developed through investigation of your own conjectures on geometric objects and properties. You will explore geometry by using basic mechanical instruments (compass and straightedge) and computer software.

As you progress you will treat the Euclidian geometry using a referential system to locate points. The orthogonal Cartesian system of coordinates that you already know from secondary school is the most common referential system you will use in both two and three dimensions. You will also learn some other systems of coordinates that will empower you to do research in geometry and in other mathematical modules as well.

Going deeper in analyzing the axiomatic construction of Euclidean geometry you will learn new geometrical structures, generally designated as Non-Euclidian geometry. So, summarily speaking, this Module is about Euclidean geometry treated in both syntactical and analytical ways and encloses an introduction to Non-Euclidean Geometry, handled synthetically only.

Welcome to the module: Graphic and Information Management. You are going to gain very exciting experiences while working with this module. As you know, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have over the years become indispensable management and communication tools. At the global level, the use of ICTs has become so central that the definition of literacy has become expanded beyond basic reading and writing skills to include ability to use ICTs in almost all activities.

Cloud computing is a means which allows you access applications and other information that reside at a location other than your computer or server which typically may be hundreds or thousands of miles away. One advantage of cloud computing is that another company hosts the application(s) which implies that they are responsible for the cost of hardware and software and therefore you as the end user pays less for the services.

The learner should realize that grid computing is often confused with cloud computing. However, a grid computing network harnesses the unused processing cycles of all computers in the grid pool to solve problems that may be too intensive for any one stand alone computer.