Welcome to the AC Electrical Circuit Analysis, an open educational resource (OER). The goal of this text is to introduce the theory and practical application of analysis of AC electrical circuits. It assumes familiarity with DC circuit analysis. If you have not studied DC circuit analysis, it is strongly recommended that you read the companion OER text, DC Electrical Circuit Analysis before continuing. Both texts are offered free of charge under a Creative Commons non-commercial, share-alike with attribution license. For your convenience, along with the free pdf and odt files, print copies are available at a very modest charge. Check my web sites for links.

This text is based on the earlier Workbook for AC Electrical Circuits, which it replaces. The original expository text has been greatly expanded and includes many examples along with computer simulations. For the convenience of those who used the Workbook, many of the problem sets are the same, with some re-ordering depending on the chapter.

Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Fundamentals
Chapter 2: Series RLC Circuits
Chapter 3: Parallel RLC Circuits
Chapter 4: Series-Parallel RLC Circuits
Chapter 5: Analysis Theorems and Techniques
Chapter 6: Nodal and Mesh Analysis
Chapter 7: AC Power
Chapter 8: Resonance
Chapter 9: Polyphase Power
Chapter 10: Decibels and Bode Plots

"The 16 lectures in this course cover the topics of adaptive antennas and phased arrays. Both theory and experiments are covered in the lectures. Part one (lectures 1 to 7) covers adaptive antennas. Part two (lectures 8 to 16) covers phased arrays. Parts one and two can be studied independently (in either order). The intended audience for this course is primarily practicing engineers and students in electrical engineering. This course is presented by Dr. Alan J. Fenn, senior staff member at MIT Lincoln Laboratory. Online Publication"

This course will focus for a large part on MOSFET and CMOS, but also on heterojunction BJT, and photonic devices.First non-ideal characteristics of MOSFETs will be discussed, like channel-length modulation and short-channel effects. We will also pay attention to threshold voltage modification by varying the dopant concentration. Further, MOS scaling will be discussed. A combination of an n-channel and p-channel MOSFET is used for CMOS devices that form the basis for current digital technology. The operation of a CMOS inverter will be explained. We will explain in more detail how the transfer characteristics relate to the CMOS design.

An introductory course in analog circuit synthesis for microelectronic designers. Topics include: Review of analog design basics; linear and non-linear analog building blocks: harmonic oscillators, (static and dynamic) translinear circuits, wideband amplifiers, filters; physical layout for robust analog circuits; design of voltage sources ranging from simple voltage dividers to high-performance bandgaps, and current source implementations from a single resistor to high-quality references based on negative-feedback structures.

This course is the 2nd in a three part series intended to support the flipped classroom approach for traditional basic electronics classes. Basic Electronics 2 covers capacitors and the transient capacitor charge and discharge process, inductors and the transient inductor storage and release process, sinusoidal properties, complex numbers and complex impedance, phasors, AC Ohm’s Law, series AC circuit analysis, parallel AC circuit analysis, and series-parallel AC circuit analysis. The text includes discussions of Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law, the AC Voltage Divider Rule, Kirchhoff’s Current Law, and the AC Current Divider Rule. Additionally the text covers use of AC voltmeters, AC ammeters, function generators, and oscilloscopes. These resources are meant to accompany a hands on lab with the guidance of an instructor.

This course is the 3rd installment in a three part series intended to support the flipped classroom approach for traditional basic electronics classes. Basic Electronics 3 covers apparent, real, and reactive power and power factor, power factor correction, ideal and non-ideal transformers, and transformer connection diagrams, AC circuit analysis techniques and theorems like source conversion, the AC superposition theorem, AC Thevenin’s Theorem, and the AC Maximum Power Transfer Theorem, 3 phase AC systems including balanced and unbalanced 4 wire Y configurations, 3 wire Y configurations, and delta configurations, the single wattmeter method and the two wattmeter method. These resources are meant to accompany a hands on lab with the guidance of an instructor.

This course covers sensing and measurement for quantitative molecular/cell/tissue analysis, in terms of genetic, biochemical, and biophysical properties. Methods include light and fluorescence microscopies; electro-mechanical probes such as atomic force microscopy, laser and magnetic traps, and MEMS devices; and the application of statistics, probability and noise analysis to experimental data.

Developed as part of a Round 14 Textbook Transformation Mini-Grant, this D2L course export provides a set of support resources in teaching Blockchain and Smart Contracts including presentations and notes.

This special course is designed to equip students with core foundational knowledge and innovative concepts, techniques, and industrial-strength tools for perceiving and developing blockchain and smart contracts in an engineering-supported manner. The course introduces blockchain-related practices and shows how to apply these practices to build decentralized applications using hands-on programming and research-led projects.

Are you interested in building and testing your own imaging radar system? MIT Lincoln Laboratory offers this 3-week course in the design, fabrication, and test of a laptop-based radar sensor capable of measuring Doppler, range, and forming synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. You do not have to be a radar engineer but it helps if you are interested in any of the following; electronics, amateur radio, physics, or electromagnetics. It is recommended that you have some familiarity with MATLAB;. Teams of three students will receive a radar kit and will attend a total of 5 sessions spanning topics from the fundamentals of radar to SAR imaging. Experiments will be performed each week as the radar kit is implemented. You will bring your radar kit into the field and perform additional experiments such as measuring the speed of passing cars or plotting the range of moving targets. A final SAR imaging contest will test your ability to form a SAR image of a target scene of your choice from around campus; the most detailed and most creative image wins.

First published in 1981 by MIT Press, Continuum Electromechanics, courtesy of MIT Press and used with permission, provides a solid foundation in electromagnetics, particularly conversion of energy between electrical and mechanical forms. Topics include: electrodynamic laws, electromagnetic forces, electromechanical kinematics, charge migration, convection, relaxation, magnetic diffusion and induction interactions, laws and approximations of fluid mechanics, static equilibrium, electromechanical flows, thermal and molecular diffusion, and streaming interactions. The applications covered include transducers, rotating machines, Van de Graaff machines, image processing, induction machines, levitation of liquid metals, shaping of interfaces in plastics and glass processing, orientation of ferrofluid seals, cryogenic fluids, liquid crystal displays, thunderstorm electrification, fusion machines, magnetic pumping of liquid metals, magnetohydrodynamic power generation, inductive and dielectric heating, electrophoretic particle motion, electrokinetic and electrocapillary interactions in biological systems, and electron beams. "

Welcome to DC Electrical Circuit Analysis, an open educational resource (OER). The goal of this text is to introduce the theory and practical application of analysis of DC electrical circuits. It is offered free of charge under a Creative Commons non-commercial, share-alike with attribution license. For your convenience, along with the free pdf and odt files, print copies are available at a very modest charge. Check my web sites for links.

This text is based on the earlier Workbook for DC Electrical Circuits, which it replaces. The original expository text has been greatly expanded and includes many examples along with computer simulations. For the convenience of those who used the Workbook, many of the problem sets are the same, with some re-ordering depending on the chapter.

Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Fundamentals
Chapter 2: Basic Quantities
Chapter 3: Series Resistive Circuits
Chapter 4: Parallel Resistive Circuits
Chapter 5: Series-Parallel Resistive Circuits
Chapter 6: Analysis Theorems and Techniques
Chapter 7: Nodal & Mesh Analysis, Dependent Sources
Chapter 8: Capacitors
Chapter 9: Inductors
Chapter 10: Magnetic Circuits and Transformers

This supplement is intended for an introductory electrical circuits course offered in a two or four year electrical engineering technology program. It features approximately 500 problems in DC electrical circuits ranging from introductory concepts and units through resistor color code, series, parallel, series-parallel and multi-source source circuits using voltage and current sources. Coverage includes Thévenin's and Norton's Theorems, maximum power transfer, source conversions, mesh & nodal analysis and superposition. Introductory material on capacitors and inductors with RL and RC transients rounds out the collection. Problems in each section are divided into four categories: Analysis, Design, Challenge and Simulation. Answers to the odd-numbered Design and Analysis problems are given in the appendix.

Welcome to Digital Electronics

In this module, learners will be introduced to analog and digital signals and how they are represented and used in electronic circuits and devices.

Module Goals

Upon completion of this course the learner should be able to:

• Demonstrate understanding of analog and digital signals and their representations.

• Perform analytic expression and minimization of Boolean functions.

• Design, build and test combinational and sequential circuits.

• Demonstrate an understating of microprocessor and microcontroller based systems.

The course treats: the discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), their application in OFDM and DSL; elements of estimation theory and their application in communications; linear prediction, parametric methods, the Yule-Walker equations, the Levinson algorithm, the Schur algorithm; detection and estimation filters; non-parametric estimation; selective filtering, application to beamforming.

This course was developed in 1987 by the MIT Center for Advanced Engineering Studies. It was designed as a distance-education course for engineers and scientists in the workplace. Advances in integrated circuit technology have had a major impact on the technical areas to which digital signal processing techniques and hardware are being applied. A thorough understanding of digital signal processing fundamentals and techniques is essential for anyone whose work is concerned with signal processing applications. Digital Signal Processing begins with a discussion of the analysis and representation of discrete-time signal systems, including discrete-time convolution, difference equations, the z-transform, and the discrete-time Fourier transform. Emphasis is placed on the similarities and distinctions between discrete-time. The course proceeds to cover digital network and nonrecursive (finite impulse response) digital filters. Digital Signal Processing concludes with digital filter design and a discussion of the fast Fourier transform algorithm for computation of the discrete Fourier transform.

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: * Create lumped parameter models (expressed as ODEs) of simple dynamic systems in the electrical and mechanical energy domains * Make quantitative estimates of model parameters from experimental measurements * Obtain the time-domain response of linear systems to initial conditions and/or common forcing functions (specifically; impulse, step and ramp input) by both analytical and computational methods * Obtain the frequency-domain response of linear systems to sinusoidal inputs * Compensate the transient response of dynamic systems using feedback techniques * Design, implement and test an active control system to achieve a desired performance measureMastery of these topics will be assessed via homework, quizzes/exams, and lab assignments.

After this course the student can:
Understand mechanical system requirements for Electric Drive
Understand and apply passive network elements (R, L, C), laws of Kirchhof, Lorentz, Faraday
Understand and apply: phasors for simple R,L,C circuits
Understand and apply real and reactive power, rms, active and reactive current, cos phi
Describe direct current (DC), (single phase) alternating current (AC) and (three phase) alternating current systems, star-delta connection
Understand the principle of switch mode power electronic converters, pole as a two quadrant and four quadrant converter
Understand principles of magnetic circuits, inductances and transformers

The course gives an overview of different types of electrical machines and drives. Different types of mechanica loads are discussed. Maxwell's equations are applied to magnetic circuits including permanent magnets. DC machines, induction machines, synchronous machines, switched reluctance machines, brushless DC machines and single-phase machines are discussed with the power electronic converters used to drive them.Study Goals After following this course the students should have an overview over the different types of electrical machines and the way they are used in drive systems and they should be able to derive equations describing the steady-state performance of these machines

This course introduces principles and mathematical models of electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Students study equivalent circuits, thermodynamics, reaction kinetics, transport phenomena, electrostatics, porous media, and phase transformations. In addition, this course includes applications to batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, and electrokinetics.

"This course explores electromagnetic phenomena in modern applications, including wireless and optical communications, circuits, computer interconnects and peripherals, microwave communications and radar, antennas, sensors, micro-electromechanical systems, and power generation and transmission. Fundamentals include quasistatic and dynamic solutions to Maxwell's equations; waves, radiation, and diffraction; coupling to media and structures; guided waves; resonance; acoustic analogs; and forces, power, and energy."

First published in 1968 by John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Electromechanical Dynamics discusses the interaction of electromagnetic fields with media in motion. The subject combines classical mechanics and electromagnetic theory and provides opportunities to develop physical intuition. The book uses examples that emphasize the connections between physical reality and analytical models. Types of electromechanical interactions covered include rotating machinery, plasma dynamics, the electromechanics of biological systems, and magnetoelasticity. An accompanying solutions manual for the problems in the text is provided.

This course is a basic course on Instrumentation and Measurement. Firstly, the detection limit in a typical instrument for measurement of an electrical quantity is determined for: offset, finite common-mode rejection, noise and interference. The dominant source of uncertainty is identified and the equivalent input voltage/current sources are calculated. Secondly, the measurement of a non-electrical quantity is discussed. In this case the detection limit should be expressed in terms of the non-electrical input parameter of interest. Issues discussed are: (cross-)sensitivities in frequently used transduction effects, non-electrical source loading and noise in the non-electrical signal domain. Coupled domain formal modeling is subsequently introduced to facilitate analytical multi-domain system analysis. Finally, the detection limit in typical applications in the mechanical, thermal, optical and magnetic signal domain are analysed, along with circuit and system techniques to maximize overall system detectivity.

This course is an introduction to power electronics. First the principles of power conversion with switching circuits are treated as well as main applications of power electronics. Next the basic circuits of power electronics are explained, including ac-dc converters (diode rectifiers), dc-dc converters (non-isolated and isolated) and dc-ac converters (inverters). Related issues such as pulse width modulation, methods of analysis, voltage distortion and power quality are treated in conjunction with the basic circuits. The main principles of operation of most commonly used power semiconductor switches are explained. Finally, the role of power electronics in sustainable energy future, including renewable energy systems and energy efficiency is discussed.

Study Goals
To get acquainted with applications of power electronics, to obtain insight in the principles of power electronics, to get an overview of power electronic circuits and be able to select appropriate circuits for specific applications and finally to be able to analyse the circuits. The focus in the course is on analysis and to a lesser extent on design.

Electronics is the study of the flow of charge through various materials and devices such as, semiconductors, resistors, inductors, capacitors, nano-structures, and vacuum tubes. All applications of electronics involve the transmission of power and possibly information. Although considered to be a theoretical branch of physics, the design and construction of electronic circuits to solve practical problems is an essential technique in the fields of electronic engineering and computer engineering.

The study of new semiconductor devices and surrounding technology is sometimes considered a branch of physics. This module focuses on engineering aspects of electronics. Other important topics include electronic waste and occupational health impacts of semiconductor manufacturing.

This course of electronics is intended for students enrolling for pre-service and in-service students registering for BSc with Education and BEd degrees. As you may be aware, Electronics forms one the back bone of modern physics. The module has six units: Diode Circuits; Transistor Circuits; Operational Amplifiers; Digital Circuits; Data acquisition and Process Control; and Computers and Device Interconnection.

In the first unit/activity i.e. diodes circuits, students are expected to explain charge carrier generation, intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductors, formation and application of P-N junction, and to design and analyse diode circuits (e.g, power supply circuits).

In the second unit/activity i.e. Transistor circuits, the student is expected to explain how a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) works; Design and analyse basic BJT circuits in various configurations (CE, EB, CB); Explain how a junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) works ; Design and analyse JFET circuits in both configurations (CD, CS); Explain how MOSFET works and also be able to Design and analyse MOSFET circuits.

Na het behalen van dit vak kan de student:

filter-overdrachtsfuncties middels state-space synthese afbeelden op filter-topologieen, deze optimaliseren m.b.t. dynamisch bereik en gevoeligheid voor componenten-variaties en realiseren met behulp van integratoren;
circuits voor integratoren, analoge filters, continue-tijd filters, en nullors (operationele versterkers) ontwerpen en effecten ten gevolge van niet-ideale componenten en aliasing analyseren

This text introduces embedded controller systems using the inexpensive and widely available Arduino hardware platform and the C programming language. It is intended for students in Electrical Engineering and Electrical Engineering Technology programs at the Associate and Baccalaureate levels. Unlike many Arduino texts, this text does not rely solely on the Arduino libraries. Rather, it “gets under the hood” and directly accesses I/O ports, pins and DDR, as would be expected in a traditional college level microprocessor/microcontroller course.

The companion laboratory manual introduces embedded controller systems using the Arduino hardware platform and the C programming language. Exercises include usage of seven-segment displays, switches and analog input devices; a reaction timer; PWM; an event counter and an arbitrary waveform generator.

This website is a segment of a Department of Labor grant awarded to the Eastern Iowa Community Colleges (EICC) of Clinton, Muscatine, and Scott. These simulations, developed by a local Quad City e-Learning Company Lucid Way (which are approximately from 2-9 minutes long) are used as part of their curriculum to help students quickly and thoroughly grasp the concepts being presented in a visual format.

Learning 3D simulations focus on engineering topics and cover automation & robotics, electrical & motor control, process control or renewable energy. Each simulation can be watched directly from the website, downloaded, or embedded into the online courses This site is managed by: ATEEC. (Source: http://engineertech.org/about/)

This course introduces students to both passive and active electronic components (op-amps, 555 timers, TTL digital circuits). Basic analog and digital circuits and theory of operation are covered. The labs allow the students to master the use of electronic instruments and construct and/or solder several circuits. The labs also reinforce the concepts discussed in class with a hands-on approach and allow the students to gain significant experience with electrical instruments such as function generators, digital multimeters, oscilloscopes, logic analyzers and power supplies. In the last lab, the students build an electronic circuit that they can keep. The course is geared to freshmen and others who want an introduction to electronics circuits. This course is offered during the Independent Activities Period (IAP), which is a special 4-week term at MIT that runs from the first week of January until the end of the month.

The advent of electronics has had a profound impact on our lives and impacted nearly every product that we use either directly or indirectly. Without electronics, present day computers, cell phones, stereos, televisions, and the internet would not be possible. And of course, without computers and modern communications tools, society could not have made the huge strides in fields such as medicine, aerospace technologies, meteorology, transportation, agriculture, education, and many others. It is for these reasons that the invention of the transistor is considered as one of the most important technological advancements in history.

Traditionally, progress in electronics has been driven by miniaturization. But as electronic devices approach the molecular scale, classical models for device behavior must be abandoned. To prepare for the next generation of electronic devices, this class teaches the theory of current, voltage and resistance from atoms up. To describe electrons at the nanoscale, we will begin with an introduction to the principles of quantum mechanics, including quantization, the wave-particle duality, wavefunctions and Schrĺ_dinger's equation. Then we will consider the electronic properties of molecules, carbon nanotubes and crystals, including energy band formation and the origin of metals, insulators and semiconductors. Electron conduction will be taught beginning with ballistic transport and concluding with a derivation of Ohm's law. We will then compare ballistic to bulk MOSFETs. The class will conclude with a discussion of possible fundamental limits to computation.

This set of 10 lectures (about 11+ hours in duration) was excerpted from a three-day course developed at MIT Lincoln Laboratory to provide an understanding of radar systems concepts and technologies to military officers and DoD civilians involved in radar systems development, acquisition, and related fields. That three-day program consists of a mixture of lectures, demonstrations, laboratory sessions, and tours.

This course is an introduction to the consideration of technology as the outcome of particular technical, historical, cultural, and political efforts, especially in the United States during the 19th and 20th centuries. Topics include industrialization of production and consumption, development of engineering professions, the emergence of management and its role in shaping technological forms, the technological construction of gender roles, and the relationship between humans and machines.

Introductory experimental laboratory explores the design, construction, and debugging of analog electronic circuits. Lectures and six laboratory projects investigate the performance characteristics of diodes, transistors, JFETs and op-amps, including the construction of a small audio amplifier and preamplifier. Seven weeks are devoted to the design and implementation of a project in an environment similar to that of engineering design teams in industry. Provides opportunity to simulate real-world problems and solutions that involve tradeoffs and the use of engineering judgment.

This is a laboratory manual covering linear semiconductors, appropriate for students in an Electrical Engineering Technology program (AAS or BS). The exercises begin with basic diodes and progress through NPN and PNP bipolar transistors using various DC biasing forms. AC small signal analysis is encountered next followed by large signal class A and class B analysis. The manual concludes with exercises on JFET biasing and amplifiers.

This lab manual is intended for an introductory programming course for Electrical Engineering and/or Technology students at the AAS and/or BS level. It begins with an introduction to the Multisim (tm) simulation software and progresses to programming using the Python language. Most programming assignments are based on electrical applications.

This free electrical engineering textbook provides a series of volumes covering electricity and electronics.

Vol. I - Direct Current (DC)
Chapter 1 - Basic Concepts Of Electricity
Chapter 2 - Ohm's Law
Chapter 3 - Electrical Safety
Chapter 4 - Scientific Notation And Metric Prefixes
Chapter 5 - Series And Parallel Circuits
Chapter 6 - Divider Circuits And Kirchhoff's Laws
Chapter 7 - Series-parallel Combination Circuits
Chapter 8 - DC Metering Circuits
Chapter 9 - Electrical Instrumentation Signals
Chapter 10 - DC Network Analysis
Chapter 11 - Batteries And Power Systems
Chapter 12 - Physics Of Conductors And Insulators
Chapter 13 - Capacitors
Chapter 14 - Magnetism and Electromagnetism
Chapter 15 - Inductors
Chapter 16 - RC and L/R Time Constants

Vol. II - Alternating Current (AC)
Chapter 1 - Basic AC Theory
Chapter 2 - Complex Numbers
Chapter 3 - Reactance and Impedance -- Inductive
Chapter 4 - Reactance And Impedance -- Capacitive
Chapter 5 - Reactance And Impedance -- R, L, And C
Chapter 6 - Resonance
Chapter 7 - Mixed-Frequency AC Signals
Chapter 8 - Filters
Chapter 9 - Transformers
Chapter 10 - Polyphase AC Circuits
Chapter 11 - Power Factor
Chapter 12 - AC Metering Circuits
Chapter 13 - AC Motors
Chapter 14 - Transmission Lines

Vol. III - Semiconductors
Chapter 1 - Amplifiers and Active Devices
Chapter 2 - Solid-state Device Theory
Chapter 3 - Diodes and Rectifiers
Chapter 4 - Bipolar Junction Transistors
Chapter 5 - Junction Field-effect Transistors
Chapter 6 - Insulated-gate Field-effect Transistors
Chapter 7 - Thyristors
Chapter 8 - Operational Amplifiers
Chapter 9 - Practical Analog Semiconductor Circuits
Chapter 10 - Active Filters
Chapter 11 - DC Motor Drives
Chapter 12 - Inverters And AC Motor Drives
Chapter 13 - Electron Tubes

Vol. IV - Digital
Chapter 1 - Numeration Systems
Chapter 2 - Binary Arithmetic
Chapter 3 - Logic Gates
Chapter 4 - Switches
Chapter 5 - Electromechanical Relays
Chapter 6 - Ladder Logic
Chapter 7 - Boolean Algebra
Chapter 8 - Karnaugh Mapping
Chapter 9 - Combinational Logic Functions
Chapter 10 - Multivibrators
Chapter 11 - Sequential Circuits
Chapter 12 - Shift Registers
Chapter 13 - Digital-Analog Conversion
Chapter 14 - Digital Communication
Chapter 15 - Digital Storage (Memory)
Chapter 16 - Principles Of Digital Computing

Vol. V - Reference
Chapter 1 - Useful Equations And Conversion Factors
Chapter 2 - Color Codes
Chapter 3 - Conductor And Insulator Tables
Chapter 4 - Algebra Reference
Chapter 5 - Trigonometry Reference
Chapter 6 - Calculus Reference
Chapter 7 - Using The spice Circuit Simulation Program
Chapter 8 - Troubleshooting -- Theory And Practice
Chapter 9 - Circuit Schematic Symbols
Chapter 10 - Periodic Table Of The Elements

Vol. VI - Experiments
Chapter 1 - Introduction
Chapter 2 - Basic Concepts and Test Equipment
Chapter 3 - DC Circuits
Chapter 4 - AC Circuits
Chapter 5 - Discrete Semiconductor Circuits
Chapter 6 - Analog Integrated Circuits
Chapter 7 - Digital Integrated Circuits
Chapter 8 - 555 Timer Circuits

Dit vak gaat over het berekenen van spanningen, stromen en vermogens in elektrische circuits met bronnen, weerstanden, spoelen en condensatoren. In het eerste deel worden de componenten geïntroduceerd en de basisberekeningsmethoden aangeleerd. In het tweede deel worden de technieken uit het eerste deel toegepast op tweede-orde circuits, circuits met sinusvormige spanningen en stromen, magnetisch gekoppelde circuits en vermogenscircuits. Verder is er veel aandacht voor filters, frequentieresponsies, tweepoorten en de Laplace transformatie

These exercises target student misconceptions about how to properly measure voltage and current in simple DC circuits by letting them investigate different meter arrangements without fear of damaging equipment. These activities also are designed to lead to other investigations about simple DC circuits.

System design is the central topic of this course. We move beyond the methods developed in circuit design (although we shall have interest in those) and consider situations in which the functional behavior of a system is the first object under consideration.

" 6.012 is the header course for the department's "Devices, Circuits and Systems" concentration. The topics covered include modeling of microelectronic devices, basic microelectronic circuit analysis and design, physical electronics of semiconductor junction and MOS devices, relation of electrical behavior to internal physical processes, development of circuit models, and understanding the uses and limitations of various models. The course uses incremental and large-signal techniques to analyze and design bipolar and field effect transistor circuits, with examples chosen from digital circuits, single-ended and differential linear amplifiers, and other integrated circuits."