By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:

Describe the properties of water that are critical to maintaining life
Explain why water is an excellent solvent
Provide examples of water’s cohesive and adhesive properties
Discuss the role of acids, bases, and buffers in homeostasis

By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:

Identify the shared characteristics of the natural sciences
Summarize the steps of the scientific method
Compare inductive reasoning with deductive reasoning
Describe the goals of basic science and applied science

By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:

Identify and describe the properties of life
Describe the levels of organization among living things
Recognize and interpret a phylogenetic tree
List examples of different subdisciplines in biology

An introduction to biology intended for non-science majors.  Focus areas include chemical foundations, cell structure and division, genetics, and evolution.

This template course was developed from generally available open educational resources (OER) in use at multiple institutions, drawing mostly from a primary work published by OpenStax College Concepts of Biology, but also including additional open works from various sources as noted in attributions on each page of materials.

This material is labwork meant to be used in conjunction with the Candela "Biology II" course.

Biology, The Cell is an unit of study no. 3 of the Biology full course. It is grounded on studying cells, including cell structure, structure and function of plasma membranes, metabolism, cellular respiration, photosynthesis, cell communication, and cell reproduction.

This 8-minute video lesson presents an overview of types of immune responses. It looks at the difference between innate and adaptive immunity and the differences between humoral adaptive immunity and cell-mediated adaptive immunity. [Biology playlist: Lesson 52 of 71].

Module 1: Introduction to Biology
The Characteristics of Life
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Taxonomy
The Study of Biology

Module 2: Chemistry of Life
Atoms and Elements
Atomic Bonds
Functional Groups
The pH Scale
Chemical Reactions
Thermodynamics
Assignment: Biological Astronaut

Module 3: Important Biological Macromolecules
Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Comparing Biological Macromolecules
Assignment: Nutritionist for a Day

Module 4: Cellular Structure
Microscopy
Organelles
The Cytoskeleton
The Cell Surface
Assignment: Cell Builder

Module 5: Cell Membranes
Structure of the Membrane
Kinds of Transport
Endocytosis and Exocytosis
Assignment: Membranes Alive!

Module 6: Metabolic Pathways
Redox Reactions
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Fermentation
Assignment: Observing Energy Transactions

Module 7: Cell Communication
Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
Propagation of the Signal
Response to the Signal
Signaling in Single-Celled Organisms

Module 8: Cell Division
Chromosomes and DNA Packaging
The Cell Cycle
Cell Cycle Checkpoints
Meiosis
Genetic Diversity
Errors in Chromosome Number
Assignment: Mitosis and Meiosis Internet Quests

Module 9: DNA Structure and Replication
Storing Genetic Information
DNA Base Pairs and Replication
DNA Mutations
Assignment: Which Has More DNA?

Module 10: DNA Transcription and Translation
Transcription
Translation
Prokaryotic Transcription and Translation
The Central Dogma

Module 11: Gene Expression
Regulation of Gene Expression
Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
Assignment: How Mutations Work

Module 12: Trait Inheritance
The Father of Genetics
Beyond Dominance and Recessiveness
Heredity and Disease
Genetics and the Environment
Assignment: Dragon Genetics

Module 13: Theory of Evolution
Charles Darwin
Evidence for Evolution
Mutations and Evolution
Phylogenetic Trees

Module 14: Modern Biology
Key Technologies
Biotechnology Applications
Risks and Benefits of Genomic Science
Assignment: When Jabberjays Attack!

Module 1: Introduction to Biology
Characteristics of Life
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Taxonomy
The Study of Biology

Module 2: Viruses
Viral Evolution, Morphology, and Classification
Virus Infections and Hosts
Prevention and Treatment of Viral Infections
Prions and Viroids

Module 3: History of Life
Evolution
Speciation
The Evolution of Populations
Phylogenies and the History of Life

Module 4: Prokaryotes
Prokaryotic Diversity
The Structure of Prokaryotes
Prokaryotic Metabolism
Bacterial Diseases in Humans
Beneficial Prokaryotes

Module 5: Protists
Characteristics of Protists
Groups of Protists
Ecology of Protists

Module 6: Fungi
Characteristics of Fungi
Classifications of Fungi
Ecology of Fungi
Fungal Parasites and Pathogens

Module 7: Plant Diversity
Seedless Plants
Seed Plants

Module 8: Plant Structure and Function
Plant Structures
Transport of Water and Solutes in Plants
Plant Sensory Systems and Responses
Plant Growth
Plant Nutrition

Module 9: Plant Reproduction
Reproductive Development and Structure
Asexual Reproduction in Plants
Sexual Reproduction in Plants

Module 10: Animal Diversity
Evolutionary History of the Animal Kingdom
Animal Phylogeny
Animal Form and Function
Animal Primary Tissues
Animal Reproduction
Homeostasis

Module 11: Invertebrates
Phylum Porifera
Phylum Cnidaria
Superphylum Lophotrochozoa
Superphylum Ecdysozoa
Superphylum Deuterostomia

Module 12: Vertebrates
Chordates
Fishes
Amphibians
Amniotes
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals

Module 13: Overview of Body Systems
Integration of Systems
Control Systems
Cell Maintenance Systems
Support Systems

Module 14: The Nervous System
Components of the Nervous System
Neuron Communication
The Central Nervous System
The Peripheral Nervous System
Nervous System Disorders

Module 15: The Endocrine System
Types of Hormones
How Hormones Work
Regulation of Body Processes
Endocrine Glands

Module 16: The Reproductive System
Reproduction Methods
Human Reproductive Anatomy
Hormonal Control of Human Reproduction
Fertilization
Early Embryonic Development
Human Pregnancy and Birth

Module 17: Sensory Systems
The Senses
Somatosensation
Taste and Smell
Hearing and Vestibular Sensation
Vision

Module 18: The Circulatory System
The Circulatory System
Structure and Function of Blood
The Mammalian Heart
Blood Flow and Blood Pressure Regulation

Module 19: The Respiratory System
Systems of Gas Exchange
Gas Exchange across Respiratory Surfaces
Breathing
Transport of Gases in Human Bodily Fluids

Module 20: The Immune System
The Innate Immune Response
The Adaptive Immune Response
Antibodies

Module 21: The Digestive System
Digestive Systems
Nutrition and Energy Production
Digestive System Processes and Regulation

Module 22: The Excretory System
Osmoregulation and Osmotic Balance
Kidneys and Osmoregulatory Organs
Excretion Systems

Module 23: The Musculoskeletal System
Skeletal Systems
Bones
Joints and Skeletal Movement
Muscle Contraction and Locomotion

Module 24: The Integumentary System
Structure and Function of Skin
Accessory Structures of the Skin
Functions of the Integumentary System
Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System

Module 25: Ecology of Living Things
The Scope of Ecology
Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Biomes
Population Ecology
Community Ecology

Module 26: Ecology and the Environment
Energy in the Environment
Biogeochemical Cycles
Climate Change
Conservation Biology and Biodiversity

Includes the study of the gross and microscopic structure of the systems of the human body with special emphasis on the relationship between structure and function. Integrates anatomy and physiology of cells, tissues, organs, the systems of the human body, and mechanisms responsible for homeostasis.

Also available here:https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-herkimer-biologyofaging/

Table of Contents:

I. Chapter 1: Introduction to Human Aging
II. Chapter 2: Theories of Aging
III. Chapter 3: Cellular Aging
IV. Chapter 4: The Integumentary System
V. Chapter 5: Bone Tissue and The Skeletal System
VI. Chapter 6: The Skeletal Muscle System
VII. Chapter 7: The Nervous System
VIII. Chapter 8: The Special Senses
IX. Chapter 9: The Circulatory System
X. Chapter 10: The Immune System
XI. Chapter 11: The Respiratory System
XII. Chapter 12: The Digestive System
XIII. Chapter 13: The Urinary System
XIV. Chapter 14: The Reproductive System
XV. Chapter 15: The Endocrine System
XVI. Course Information
XVII. Term Research Project

"This course covers the principles of materials science and cell biology underlying the design of medical implants, artificial organs, and matrices for tissue engineering. Methods for biomaterials surface characterization and analysis of protein adsorption on biomaterials. Molecular and cellular interactions with biomaterials are analyzed in terms of unit cell processes, such as matrix synthesis, degradation, and contraction. Mechanisms underlying wound healing and tissue remodeling following implantation in various organs. Tissue and organ regeneration. Design of implants and prostheses based on control of biomaterials-tissue interactions. Comparative analysis of intact, biodegradable, and bioreplaceable implants by reference to case studies. Criteria for restoration of physiological function for tissues and organs."

Students will learn about the use of biomaterials to create advanced diagnostic tools for detection of infectious and chronic diseases, restore insulin production to supplement lost pancreatic function in diabetes, provide cells with appropriate physical, mechanical, and biochemical cues to direct tissue regeneration, and enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.

This course is one of many Advanced Undergraduate Seminars offered by the Biology Department at MIT. These seminars are tailored for students with an interest in using primary research literature to discuss and learn about current biological research in a highly interactive setting. Many instructors of the Advanced Undergraduate Seminars are postdoctoral scientists with a strong interest in teaching.

This is a custom textbook catered to the needs of kinesiology students enrolled in a first-year biomechanics course. It has been modified from OpenStax College Physics and Anatomy and Physiology.

I. Chapter 1: Prerequisite Skills for Biomechanics
II. Chapter 2: Anatomy Basics
III. Chapter 3: Linear Kinematics in One-dimension
IV. Chapter 4: Linear Kinematics in Two-dimensions
V. Chapter 5: Angular Kinematics
VI. Chapter 6: Linear Kinetics
VII. Chapter 7: Work, Power, and Energy
VIII. Chapter 8: Angular Kinetics
IX. Chapter 9: Mechanics of Human Tissues
X. Chapter 10: Mechanism of Injury

Analyzes computational needs of clinical medicine reviews systems and approaches that have been used to support those needs, and the relationship between clinical data and gene and protein measurements. Topics: the nature of clinical data; architecture and design of healthcare information systems; privacy and security issues; medical expertsystems; introduction to bioinformatics. Case studies and guest lectures describe contemporary systems and research projects. Term project using large clinical and genomic data sets integrates classroom topics.

This course provides intensive coverage of the theory and practice of electromechanical instrument design with application to biomedical devices. Students will work with MGH doctors to develop new medical products from concept to prototype development and testing. Lectures will present techniques for designing electronic circuits as part of complete sensor systems. Topics covered include: basic electronics circuits, principles of accuracy, op amp circuits, analog signal conditioning, power supplies, microprocessors, wireless communications, sensors, and sensor interface circuits. Labs will cover practical printed circuit board (PCB) design including component selection, PCB layout, assembly, and planning and budgeting for large projects. Problem sets and labs in the first six weeks are in support of the project. Major team-based design, build, and test project in the last six weeks. Student teams will be composed of both electrical engineering and mechanical engineering students.